महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-160, verse-27

स मासं विभजन्कालं बहुधा पर्वसंधिषु ।
तथैव भगवान्सोमो नक्षत्रैः सह गच्छति ॥२७॥

27. sa māsaṁ vibhajankālaṁ bahudhā parvasaṁdhiṣu ,
tathaiva bhagavānsomo nakṣatraiḥ saha gacchati.

27. saḥ māsam vibhajan kālam bahudhā parvasandhiṣu
tathā eva bhagavān somaḥ nakṣatraiḥ saha gacchati

27. He (the Sun), dividing time into months and in various ways at the junctions of different periods, similarly the glorious Moon (Soma) proceeds along with the constellations.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• मासम् (māsam) - month

• विभजन् (vibhajan) - dividing, distributing

• कालम् (kālam) - time

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifold, variously

• पर्वसन्धिषु (parvasandhiṣu) - at the junctions of periods, at the junctures of seasons/festivals

• तथा एव (tathā eva) - in the same way, similarly

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - glorious, revered, divine, blessed

• सोमः (somaḥ) - the Moon; the Soma plant/juice

• नक्षत्रैः (nakṣatraiḥ) - by/with the constellations, lunar mansions

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, proceeds

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sun, implied from the previous verse

मासम् (māsam) - month

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Object of `vibhajan`

विभजन् (vibhajan) - dividing, distributing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhajan

bhaj - to divide, to distribute

Present Active Participle

Derived from √bhaj (class 1) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` (the sun)

कालम् (kālam) - time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Object of `vibhajan`

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifold, variously

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `vibhajan`

पर्वसन्धिषु (parvasandhiṣu) - at the junctions of periods, at the junctures of seasons/festivals

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of parvasandhi

parvasandhi - junction of two periods, junction of seasons, festival juncture

Compound: parvan (joint, knot, period) + sandhi (junction, union).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvan+sandhi)

• parvan – knot, joint, section, limb, period, festival
  noun (neuter)
• sandhi – junction, union, interval
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from saṃ-dhā.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the points where the divisions occur

तथा एव (tathā eva) - in the same way, similarly

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable compound of tathā (thus) and eva (indeed).

Note: Connects the actions of the sun and moon

भगवान् (bhagavān) - glorious, revered, divine, blessed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, blessed; the revered one

Note: Agrees with `somaḥ`

सोमः (somaḥ) - the Moon; the Soma plant/juice

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - the Moon; Soma plant/juice; name of a deity

Note: Subject of the second clause

नक्षत्रैः (nakṣatraiḥ) - by/with the constellations, lunar mansions

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of nakṣatra

nakṣatra - star, constellation, lunar mansion

Note: Used with `saha` (with)

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case (`nakṣatraiḥ`)

गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Root gam (class 1) in present tense, parasmaipada.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause