महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-160, verse-26

स मेरुमनुवृत्तः सन्पुनर्गच्छति पाण्डव ।
प्राङ्मुखः सविता देवः सर्वभूतहिते रतः ॥२६॥

26. sa merumanuvṛttaḥ sanpunargacchati pāṇḍava ,
prāṅmukhaḥ savitā devaḥ sarvabhūtahite rataḥ.

26. saḥ merum anuvṛttaḥ san punar gacchati pāṇḍava
prāṅmukhaḥ savitā devaḥ sarvabhūtahite rataḥ

26. O Pāṇḍava, after revolving around Mount Meru, that divine Sun (Savitā) again proceeds [on its course], facing east and devoted to the welfare of all beings (bhūta).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• मेरुम् (merum) - Mount Meru

• अनुवृत्तः (anuvṛttaḥ) - followed, revolved around, turned after

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• पुनर् (punar) - again, back, moreover

• गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, proceeds

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O son of Paṇḍu

• प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east

• सविता (savitā) - the sun, generator, impeller

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, divine

• सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - in the welfare of all beings

• रतः (rataḥ) - engaged in, devoted to, absorbed in

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sun (`savitā`)

मेरुम् (merum) - Mount Meru

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of meru

meru - Mount Meru (mythical mountain), summit

Note: Object of `anuvṛttaḥ` (implicitly)

अनुवृत्तः (anuvṛttaḥ) - followed, revolved around, turned after

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuvṛtta

vṛt - to turn, to revolve, to exist

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛt (class 1) with prefix anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` (the sun)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

as - to be, to exist

Present Active Participle

Derived from √as (class 2) in present active participle.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` (the sun), forming an absolute construction with `anuvṛttaḥ`

पुनर् (punar) - again, back, moreover

(indeclinable)

गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Root gam (class 1) in present tense, parasmaipada.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O son of Paṇḍu

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Paṇḍu, son of Paṇḍu

Note: Addressee

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east

Compound: prāc (east) + mukha (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāc+mukha)

• prāc – east, eastern
  adjective (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `savitā devaḥ`

सविता (savitā) - the sun, generator, impeller

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savitṛ

savitṛ - the sun, generator, impeller

Agent noun from √sū.

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence, refers to the sun

देवः (devaḥ) - god, divine

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, divine being

Note: In apposition to `savitā`

सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - in the welfare of all beings

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sarvabhūtahita

sarvabhūtahita - welfare of all beings

Compound: sarva (all) + bhūta (beings) + hita (welfare)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+hita)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from √bhū)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from √dhā with hi replacement)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Location of `rataḥ`

रतः (rataḥ) - engaged in, devoted to, absorbed in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

ram - to delight in, to be pleased with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √ram (class 1) in past passive participle.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `savitā devaḥ`