महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-72, verse-8

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
यस्मै देवाः प्रयच्छन्ति पुरुषाय पराभवम् ।
बुद्धिं तस्यापकर्षन्ति सोऽपाचीनानि पश्यति ॥८॥

8. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
yasmai devāḥ prayacchanti puruṣāya parābhavam ,
buddhiṁ tasyāpakarṣanti so'pācīnāni paśyati.

8. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca yasmai devāḥ prayacchanti puruṣāya
parābhavam buddhim tasya apakarṣanti saḥ apācīnāni paśyati

8. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: The gods, when they grant defeat (parābhava) to a man (puruṣa), first diminish his intellect. Consequently, he perceives things in a distorted manner.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressing Saṃjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra said (said, spoke)

• यस्मै (yasmai) - to whichever man (puruṣa) (to whom, to whichever)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

• प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they grant (defeat) (they give, they grant)

• पुरुषाय (puruṣāya) - to a man (puruṣa) (to a man, to a person)

• पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat (parābhava) (defeat, destruction, humiliation)

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - his intellect (intellect, understanding, mind)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (intellect) (his, of him, that)

• अपकर्षन्ति (apakarṣanti) - they diminish (his intellect) (they withdraw, they diminish, they drag away)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the man whose intellect is diminished) (he, that)

• अपाचीनानि (apācīnāni) - perverted things (reversed, perverted, contrary things)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - he perceives (he sees, he perceives)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressing Saṃjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of a king, literally "he who holds the kingdom")

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold) with suffix -ta
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Third person singular, perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यस्मै (yasmai) - to whichever man (puruṣa) (to whom, to whichever)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 1)

प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they grant (defeat) (they give, they grant)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dā

Present Active

Third person plural, present active of √dā with prefix pra. The 'yacch' stem is used for present tense forms.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

पुरुषाय (puruṣāya) - to a man (puruṣa) (to a man, to a person)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, cosmic person, spirit (puruṣa)

पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat (parābhava) (defeat, destruction, humiliation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parābhava

parābhava - defeat, destruction, decline, humiliation (parābhava)

Derived from √bhū with prefix parā.

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - his intellect (intellect, understanding, mind)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, reason

From √budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his (intellect) (his, of him, that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपकर्षन्ति (apakarṣanti) - they diminish (his intellect) (they withdraw, they diminish, they drag away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of apakṛṣ

Present Active

Third person plural, present active of √kṛṣ with prefix apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (the man whose intellect is diminished) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपाचीनानि (apācīnāni) - perverted things (reversed, perverted, contrary things)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apācīna

apācīna - reversed, turned backwards, perverse, improper, contrary

From prefix apa + ācīna.

पश्यति (paśyati) - he perceives (he sees, he perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

Third person singular, present active of √dṛś (which uses the stem paśya- in present forms).

Root: dṛś (class 1)