महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-72, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
वनं गतेषु पार्थेषु निर्जितेषु दुरोदरे ।
धृतराष्ट्रं महाराज तदा चिन्ता समाविशत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vanaṁ gateṣu pārtheṣu nirjiteṣu durodare ,
dhṛtarāṣṭraṁ mahārāja tadā cintā samāviśat.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | vanam gateṣu pārtheṣu nirjiteṣu
durodare | dhṛtarāṣṭram mahārāja tadā cintā samāviśat

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: O great king, when the Pāṇḍavas had gone to the forest (vana), having been defeated in the dice game, then worry (cintā) overcame Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

• गतेषु (gateṣu) - when they had gone (having gone, gone)

• पार्थेषु (pārtheṣu) - when the Pārthas (Pāṇḍavas) (among the Pārthas, concerning the Pārthas)

• निर्जितेषु (nirjiteṣu) - having been defeated (defeated, conquered)

• दुरोदरे (durodare) - in the dice game, in gambling

• धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Janamejaya) (O great king)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• चिन्ता (cintā) - worry, anxiety, thought, consideration

• समाविशत् (samāviśat) - overcame (it entered, it overcame)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice (irregular formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket, collection of trees, abode of hermits

गतेषु (gateṣu) - when they had gone (having gone, gone)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, passed, reached, arrived, having gone

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-ta'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

पार्थेषु (pārtheṣu) - when the Pārthas (Pāṇḍavas) (among the Pārthas, concerning the Pārthas)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), name given to the Pāṇḍavas, especially Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

निर्जितेषु (nirjiteṣu) - having been defeated (defeated, conquered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - defeated, conquered, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'nir-'

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction, agrees with 'pārtheṣu'

दुरोदरे (durodare) - in the dice game, in gambling

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of durodara

durodara - gambling, dice game, game of hazard, difficult to carry/support

धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of the blind king of the Kurus, father of Duryodhana

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Janamejaya) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

चिन्ता (cintā) - worry, anxiety, thought, consideration

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cintā

cintā - thought, thinking, consideration, anxiety, worry, reflection

Derived from root 'cit' (to perceive, think)

Root: cit (class 10)

समाविशत् (samāviśat) - overcame (it entered, it overcame)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samāviśati

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: viś (class 6)