महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-72, verse-13

अयोनिजां रूपवतीं कुले जातां विभावरीम् ।
को नु तां सर्वधर्मज्ञां परिभूय यशस्विनीम् ॥१३॥

13. ayonijāṁ rūpavatīṁ kule jātāṁ vibhāvarīm ,
ko nu tāṁ sarvadharmajñāṁ paribhūya yaśasvinīm.

13. ayonijām rūpavatīm kule jātām vibhāvarīm kaḥ
nu tām sarvadharmajñām paribhūya yaśasvinīm

13. Who, indeed, would humiliate her – the one not born from a womb, beautiful, born into a noble family, radiant, knowing all aspects of natural law (dharma), and glorious?

Words meanings summery:

• अयोनिजाम् (ayonijām) - not born from a womb (referring to Draupadi's miraculous birth from the sacrificial fire) (not born from a womb, miraculously born)

• रूपवतीम् (rūpavatīm) - beautiful (beautiful, handsome, endowed with form)

• कुले (kule) - in a noble family (in the family, in a noble family, in a lineage)

• जाताम् (jātām) - born (born, produced)

• विभावरीम् (vibhāvarīm) - radiant (radiant, brilliant, luminous)

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, then, now)

• ताम् (tām) - her (Draupadi) (her, that (feminine))

• सर्वधर्मज्ञाम् (sarvadharmajñām) - knowing all aspects of natural law (dharma) (knowing all (dharma), omniscient regarding law)

• परिभूय (paribhūya) - having humiliated (having humiliated, having overcome, having insulted)

• यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious (glorious, famous, illustrious)

Words meanings and morphology

अयोनिजाम् (ayonijām) - not born from a womb (referring to Draupadi's miraculous birth from the sacrificial fire) (not born from a womb, miraculously born)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ayonijā

ayonijā - not born from a womb, spontaneously born, miraculously born

Derived from a (negation) + yoni (womb) + ja (born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+yoni+ja)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation.
• yoni – womb, source, origin
  noun (feminine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born) with suffix -a.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tām'.

रूपवतीम् (rūpavatīm) - beautiful (beautiful, handsome, endowed with form)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rūpavatī

rūpavatī - beautiful woman, endowed with form, handsome

Feminine of rūpavat (possessive adjective from rūpa).

Note: Agrees with 'tām'.

कुले (kule) - in a noble family (in the family, in a noble family, in a lineage)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, house

Note: Place where she was born.

जाताम् (jātām) - born (born, produced)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jātā

jātā - born, produced, grown

Past Passive Participle

Feminine of jāta, from root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tām'.

विभावरीम् (vibhāvarīm) - radiant (radiant, brilliant, luminous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vibhāvarī

vibhāvarī - radiant, brilliant, luminous, splendid; night (as 'light-possessing')

From vi-bhā (to shine brightly).

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tām'.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of the implied verb (e.g., 'would dare').

नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, then, now)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or interrogation.

ताम् (tām) - her (Draupadi) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Feminine accusative singular.

Note: Object of 'paribhūya'.

सर्वधर्मज्ञाम् (sarvadharmajñām) - knowing all aspects of natural law (dharma) (knowing all (dharma), omniscient regarding law)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarvadharmajñā

sarvadharmajñā - knowing all laws or (dharma)

Feminine form of sarvadharmajña. A tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'one who knows all dharma'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dharma+jñā)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jñā – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (feminine)
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'tām'.

परिभूय (paribhūya) - having humiliated (having humiliated, having overcome, having insulted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root bhū (to be) with prefix pari- (around, fully).

Prefix: pari

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Specifies an action completed before the main verb (implied, e.g., 'would dare').

यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious (glorious, famous, illustrious)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yaśasvinī

yaśasvinī - glorious, famous, illustrious woman

Feminine form of yaśasvin (possessive adjective from yaśas, meaning fame, glory).

Note: Agrees with 'tām'.