महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-66, verse-7

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
न त्वयेदं श्रुतं राजन्यज्जगाद बृहस्पतिः ।
शक्रस्य नीतिं प्रवदन्विद्वान्देवपुरोहितः ॥७॥

7. duryodhana uvāca ,
na tvayedaṁ śrutaṁ rājanyajjagāda bṛhaspatiḥ ,
śakrasya nītiṁ pravadanvidvāndevapurohitaḥ.

7. duryodhanaḥ uvāca na tvayā idam śrutam rājan yat jagāda
bṛhaspatiḥ śakrasya nītim pravadan vidvān devapurohitaḥ

7. Duryodhana said: "O King, have you not heard what Bṛhaspati, the wise priest of the gods, declared as Śakra's policy?"

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• इदम् (idam) - this

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened to

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that

• जगाद (jagāda) - spoke, said, declared

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (name, preceptor of the gods)

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra (Indra)

• नीतिम् (nītim) - policy, conduct, statesmanship

• प्रवदन् (pravadan) - speaking, declaring, teaching

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise, knowing

• देवपुरोहितः (devapurohitaḥ) - priest of the gods

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper noun, eldest son of Dhritarashtra)

lit. "hard to fight" or "bad fighter"

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect 3rd singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'śrutam'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Also accusative singular neuter. Here as the subject of the passive verb "śrutam".

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened to

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed (as in Śruti)

Past Passive Participle

From root √śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective with an implied "is" (asti).

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

यत् (yat) - which, what, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Can also be accusative here, referring to 'nītim'.

जगाद (jagāda) - spoke, said, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √gad

Perfect 3rd singular active.

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'bṛhaspatiḥ'.

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (name, preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (proper noun, preceptor of the gods, deity of wisdom and eloquence)

lit. "lord of prayer/devotion".

Compound type : tatpurusha (bṛhat+pati)

• bṛhat – great, vast, strong
  adjective
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'jagāda'.

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Śakra (Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Śakra (proper noun, another name for Indra, king of the gods)

lit. "mighty, powerful".

Root: śak

Note: Qualifies 'nītim'.

नीतिम् (nītim) - policy, conduct, statesmanship

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nīti

nīti - policy, conduct, guidance, moral conduct, art of statesmanship

From root √nī (to lead).

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jagāda' / 'pravadan'.

प्रवदन् (pravadan) - speaking, declaring, teaching

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravadat

pravadat - speaking, proclaiming, teaching

Present Active Participle

From root √vad (to speak) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise, knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise, skilled

Present Active Participle

From root √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The form is nominative singular masculine of vidvat.

देवपुरोहितः (devapurohitaḥ) - priest of the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devapurohita

devapurohita - family priest of the gods, chief priest of the gods

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+purohita)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• purohita – family priest, chaplain, one placed in front
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (from puras + dhā)
  Derived from 'puras' (before) and root 'dhā' (to place), meaning 'placed in front' or 'appointed'.
  Prefix: puras
  Root: dhā (class 3)