महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-66, verse-19

त्रयोदशं च सजने अज्ञाताः परिवत्सरम् ।
ज्ञाताश्च पुनरन्यानि वने वर्षाणि द्वादश ॥१९॥

19. trayodaśaṁ ca sajane ajñātāḥ parivatsaram ,
jñātāśca punaranyāni vane varṣāṇi dvādaśa.

19. trayodaśam ca sajane ajñātāḥ parivatsaram
jñātāḥ ca punar anyāni vane varṣāṇi dvādaśa

19. And the thirteenth year (must be spent) unrecognized in populated areas. If (they are) recognized, then again another twelve years in the forest (must be spent).

Words meanings summery:

• त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - thirteenth

• च (ca) - and, also

• सजने (sajane) - in a populated place, among people

• अज्ञाताः (ajñātāḥ) - unknown, unrecognized

• परिवत्सरम् (parivatsaram) - for a year, throughout the year

• ज्ञाताः (jñātāḥ) - known, recognized

• च (ca) - and, also

• पुनर् (punar) - again, further

• अन्यानि (anyāni) - other, additional

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

Words meanings and morphology

त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - thirteenth

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trayodaśa

trayodaśa - thirteen, thirteenth

Compound of tri (three) and daśa (ten)

Compound type : dvandva (tri+daśan)

• tri – three
  adjective
• daśan – ten
  noun

Note: Qualifies `parivatsaram`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सजने (sajane) - in a populated place, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sajana

sajana - with people, populated, inhabited (as an adjective); a populated place (as a noun)

Compound of `sa` (with) and `jana` (people)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+jana)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable
• jana – person, people, mankind
  noun (masculine)

अज्ञाताः (ajñātāḥ) - unknown, unrecognized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ajñāta

ajñāta - unknown, unrecognized, not understood

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Compound of `a` (negative) and `jñāta` (known, P.P.P. of `jñā`).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jñāta – known, recognized, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

परिवत्सरम् (parivatsaram) - for a year, throughout the year

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivatsara

parivatsara - a year

Note: Accusative of duration.

ज्ञाताः (jñātāḥ) - known, recognized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jñāta

jñāta - known, recognized, understood

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पुनर् (punar) - again, further

(indeclinable)

अन्यानि (anyāni) - other, additional

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of anya

anya - other, different, distinct

Note: Qualifies `varṣāṇi`.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Note: Duration of time is often in accusative.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

Accusative, plural of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

Compound of dvi (two) and daśa (ten)

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  adjective
• daśan – ten
  noun

Note: Qualifies `varṣāṇi`.