महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-66, verse-18

ते वा द्वादश वर्षाणि वयं वा द्यूतनिर्जिताः ।
प्रविशेम महारण्यमजिनैः प्रतिवासिताः ॥१८॥

18. te vā dvādaśa varṣāṇi vayaṁ vā dyūtanirjitāḥ ,
praviśema mahāraṇyamajinaiḥ prativāsitāḥ.

18. te vā dvādaśa varṣāṇi vayam vā dyūtanirjitāḥ
praviśema mahāraṇyam ajinaiḥ prativāsitāḥ

18. Either they or we, having been defeated in gambling, should enter the great forest for twelve years, clothed in deer skins.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• वा (vā) - or

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• वा (vā) - or

• द्यूतनिर्जिताः (dyūtanirjitāḥ) - defeated by gambling

• प्रविशेम (praviśema) - we should enter

• महारण्यम् (mahāraṇyam) - a great forest

• अजिनैः (ajinaiḥ) - with deer skins, by means of deer skins

• प्रतिवासिताः (prativāsitāḥ) - clothed, dressed, covered

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

Accusative, plural of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

Compound of dvi (two) and daśa (ten)

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  adjective
• daśan – ten
  noun

Note: Qualifies `varṣāṇi`.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Note: Duration of time is often in accusative.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

द्यूतनिर्जिताः (dyūtanirjitāḥ) - defeated by gambling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dyūtanirjita

dyūtanirjita - defeated in gambling, conquered by dice

Past Passive Participle (compound with noun)

Formed from dyūta (gambling) and nirjita (defeated), P.P.P. of nir-ji (to conquer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dyūta+nirjita)

• dyūta – gambling, dice-play
  noun (neuter)
  From root div (to play) + kta suffix
  Root: div (class 4)
• nirjita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From nir-ji (to conquer)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `te` or `vayam`.

प्रविशेम (praviśema) - we should enter

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of pra-viś

Optative, 1st person plural

From root viś with upasarga pra, parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

महारण्यम् (mahāraṇyam) - a great forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāraṇya

mahāraṇya - great forest, extensive wilderness

Compound noun

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+araṇya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• araṇya – forest, wilderness, desert
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `praviśema`.

अजिनैः (ajinaiḥ) - with deer skins, by means of deer skins

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of ajina

ajina - skin (especially of an antelope), deer skin, hide

Note: Used as instrument for `prativāsitāḥ`.

प्रतिवासिताः (prativāsitāḥ) - clothed, dressed, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prativāsita

prativāsita - covered, dressed, clothed, furnished with

Past Passive Participle

From the causative of root vas (to clothe) with prati, or from prati-vas meaning 'to clothe'.

Prefix: prati

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `te` or `vayam`.