महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-66, verse-4

दुःखेनैतत्समानीतं स्थविरो नाशयत्यसौ ।
शत्रुसाद्गमयद्द्रव्यं तद्बुध्यध्वं महारथाः ॥४॥

4. duḥkhenaitatsamānītaṁ sthaviro nāśayatyasau ,
śatrusādgamayaddravyaṁ tadbudhyadhvaṁ mahārathāḥ.

4. duḥkhena etat samānītam sthaviraḥ nāśayati asau
śatrusaat gamayat dravyam tat budhyadhvam mahārathāḥ

4. This wealth, acquired with great difficulty, that old man is now destroying, letting it go to our enemies. O great warriors, understand this!

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with difficulty, with pain, by sorrow

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one, this thing

• समानीतम् (samānītam) - acquired, brought together, collected

• स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - old man, elder

• नाशयति (nāśayati) - destroys, causes to perish

• असौ (asau) - that one, he, she

• शत्रुसअत् (śatrusaat) - into the hands of enemies, to become property of enemies

• गमयत् (gamayat) - causing to go, leading to

• द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - wealth, substance, property

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• बुध्यध्वम् (budhyadhvam) - understand, know, perceive

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - O great warriors, O great chariot-fighters

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with difficulty, with pain, by sorrow

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, suffering, sorrow, difficulty

एतत् (etat) - this, this one, this thing

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, this thing

Note: Also accusative singular neuter. Context indicates nominative here, referring to 'dravyam'.

समानीतम् (samānītam) - acquired, brought together, collected

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samānīta

samānīta - brought together, acquired, collected, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √nī with upasargas sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'etat' and 'dravyam'.

स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - old man, elder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthavira

sthavira - old, aged, ancient, an old man, elder

नाशयति (nāśayati) - destroys, causes to perish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √naś

Causative

Formed from root √naś in causative (nāśayati).

Root: naś (class 4)

असौ (asau) - that one, he, she

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, yonder

Note: Refers to the 'sthaviraḥ'.

शत्रुसअत् (śatrusaat) - into the hands of enemies, to become property of enemies

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'śatru' (enemy) + suffix '-saat' (indicating transformation or possession by).

Note: Used with verbs of motion or causing to go.

गमयत् (gamayat) - causing to go, leading to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gamayat

gamayat - causing to go, sending, leading

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Formed from the causative stem of √gam (gamaya) + present participle suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - wealth, substance, property

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dravya

dravya - substance, thing, wealth, money, property

Root: dru

Note: Object of 'nāśayati' and 'gamayat'.

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, then, therefore

Note: Object of 'budhyadhvam'.

बुध्यध्वम् (budhyadhvam) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √budh

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Addressed to 'mahārathāḥ'.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - O great warriors, O great chariot-fighters

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot-fighter, one who can fight 10,000 warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)