महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-63, verse-21

अर्जुन उवाच ।
ईशो राजा पूर्वमासीद्ग्लहे नः कुन्तीपुत्रो धर्मराजो महात्मा ।
ईशस्त्वयं कस्य पराजितात्मा तज्जानीध्वं कुरवः सर्व एव ॥२१॥

21. arjuna uvāca ,
īśo rājā pūrvamāsīdglahe naḥ; kuntīputro dharmarājo mahātmā ,
īśastvayaṁ kasya parājitātmā; tajjānīdhvaṁ kuravaḥ sarva eva.

21. arjunaḥ uvāca īśaḥ rājā pūrvam āsīt
glahe naḥ kuntīputraḥ dharmarājaḥ
mahātmā | īśaḥ tu ayam kasya parājitātmā
tat jānīdhvam kuravaḥ sarve eva

21. Arjuna said: 'Previously, our great-souled (mahātman) King of natural law (dharma), the son of Kuntī (Yudhiṣṭhira), was indeed his own master (īśa) regarding the stakes. But now, with a defeated spirit (ātman), of whom is he the master? O Kurus, all of you should know this!'

21. אַרְג׳וּנַה אמר, המלך, בן קוּנְטִי, מלך היושר רחב הנפש, היה בעבר אדוננו בהימור. עכשיו, אדון של מי הוא, אחרי שהפסיד את עצמו, זאת תבינו כולכם, בני קוּרוּ.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• ईशः (īśaḥ) - master, lord, owner

• राजा (rājā) - king

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• ग्लहे (glahe) - in the gamble, in the stake

• नः (naḥ) - our, to us

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (the son of Kuntī)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (the king of natural law (dharma), righteous king)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (great-souled, noble-minded (mahātman))

• ईशः (īśaḥ) - master, lord, owner

• तु (tu) - but, however

• अयम् (ayam) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (this (masculine))

• कस्य (kasya) - of whom? whose?

• पराजितात्मा (parājitātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is defeated, with a defeated spirit

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• जानीध्वम् (jānīdhvam) - you all know, understand

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - O Kurus, descendants of Kuru

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the five Pāṇḍavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ईशः (īśaḥ) - master, lord, owner

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśa

īśa - master, lord, ruler, powerful, capable

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - previous, former, prior

Note: Used adverbially here.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

ग्लहे (glahe) - in the gamble, in the stake

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of glaha

glaha - gambling, stake, wager

नः (naḥ) - our, to us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Here meaning 'our' (stakes).

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (the son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (mother of Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (the king of natural law (dharma), righteous king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, righteous king, Yama (Lord of Dharma)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (great-souled, noble-minded (mahātman))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, exalted spirit

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

ईशः (īśaḥ) - master, lord, owner

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśa

īśa - master, lord, ruler, powerful, capable

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

कस्य (kasya) - of whom? whose?

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

पराजितात्मा (parājitātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is defeated, with a defeated spirit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājitātman

parājitātman - one whose self is defeated, having a defeated spirit

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parājita+ātman)

• parājita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'parā' (away, back) and root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here, as a connective meaning 'that' (object of knowledge) or 'therefore'.

जानीध्वम् (jānīdhvam) - you all know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - O Kurus, descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (ancestor of Kauravas and Pandavas), descendants of Kuru

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

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