महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-63, verse-6

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तद्वै श्रुत्वा भीमसेनोऽत्यमर्षी भृशं निशश्वास तदार्तरूपः ।
राजानुगो धर्मपाशानुबद्धो दहन्निवैनं कोपविरक्तदृष्टिः ॥६॥

6. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tadvai śrutvā bhīmaseno'tyamarṣī; bhṛśaṁ niśaśvāsa tadārtarūpaḥ ,
rājānugo dharmapāśānubaddho; dahannivainaṁ kopaviraktadṛṣṭiḥ.

6. vaiśampāyana uvāca tat vai śrutvā
bhīmasenaḥ atyamarṣī bhṛśam niśaśvāsa
tadārta-rūpaḥ rājānugaḥ dharmapāśānubaddhaḥ
dahan iva enam kopaviraktadṛṣṭiḥ

6. Vaiśampāyana said: Hearing that, Bhīmasena, exceedingly wrathful, sighed heavily, appearing distressed. Bound by the noose of duty (dharma) and following the king, his gaze, reddened by anger, seemed to burn him (Karṇa) as if.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to what was just heard) (that, thus)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (a Pāṇḍava prince)

• अत्यमर्षी (atyamarṣī) - exceedingly wrathful, extremely indignant

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, heavily

• निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed, breathed out deeply

• तदार्त-रूपः (tadārta-rūpaḥ) - having that distressed appearance, appearing thus distressed

• राजानुगः (rājānugaḥ) - follower of the king, attendant of the king

• धर्मपाशानुबद्धः (dharmapāśānubaddhaḥ) - bound by the noose of duty (dharma), constrained by righteous obligations

• दहन् (dahan) - seeming to burn (with anger, or with his gaze) (burning, scorching)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• एनम् (enam) - him (referring to Karṇa) (him, this one)

• कोपविरक्तदृष्टिः (kopaviraktadṛṣṭiḥ) - whose gaze was reddened by anger, having an angry and discolored gaze

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a celebrated muni, a pupil of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form from root vac (vakti, vacati)

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to what was just heard) (that, thus)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that; then, therefore, thus

Note: Used adverbially here.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (a Pāṇḍava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of one of the Pāṇḍava princes

अत्यमर्षी (atyamarṣī) - exceedingly wrathful, extremely indignant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atyamarṣin

atyamarṣin - exceedingly wrathful, highly indignant, very impatient

Derived from amarṣa (wrath) with prefix ati-

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+amarṣin)

• ati – exceedingly, very
  indeclinable
• amarṣin – wrathful, indignant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from amarṣa (wrath)

Note: Qualifies Bhīmasena.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, heavily

(indeclinable)

निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed, breathed out deeply

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śvas

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated form of the root

Prefix: ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: The prefix ni- indicates 'down' or 'forth', giving the sense of a deep sigh.

तदार्त-रूपः (tadārta-rūpaḥ) - having that distressed appearance, appearing thus distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tadārta-rūpa

tadārta-rūpa - having that distressed form/appearance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+ārta+rūpa)

• tad – that, such
  pronoun (neuter)
• ārta – distressed, pained, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √ard (to pain)
  Root: ard
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Bhīmasena.

राजानुगः (rājānugaḥ) - follower of the king, attendant of the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājānuga

rājānuga - a follower of a king, a king's attendant

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+anuga)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• anuga – follower, attendant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √gam with anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam

Note: Refers to Bhīmasena as a follower of King Yudhiṣṭhira.

धर्मपाशानुबद्धः (dharmapāśānubaddhaḥ) - bound by the noose of duty (dharma), constrained by righteous obligations

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmapāśānubaddha

dharmapāśānubaddha - bound by the noose of dharma (duty/natural law)

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (dharma+pāśa+anubaddha)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• pāśa – noose, bond, tie
  noun (masculine)
• anubaddha – bound, tied, connected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √bandh with anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bandh

Note: Qualifies Bhīmasena, indicating his restraint by moral obligations.

दहन् (dahan) - seeming to burn (with anger, or with his gaze) (burning, scorching)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dah

dah - to burn, consume by fire; to torment

Present Active Participle

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīmasena.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (referring to Karṇa) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - him, her, it, this

कोपविरक्तदृष्टिः (kopaviraktadṛṣṭiḥ) - whose gaze was reddened by anger, having an angry and discolored gaze

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kopaviraktadṛṣṭi

kopaviraktadṛṣṭi - whose gaze is reddened by anger; having eyes red with rage

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kopa+virakta+dṛṣṭi)

• kopa – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kup (class 4)
• virakta – reddened, discolored; dispassionate
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √rañj (to color) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• dṛṣṭi – sight, gaze, eye
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīmasena.