महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-63, verse-1

कर्ण उवाच ।
त्रयः किलेमे अधना भवन्ति दासः शिष्यश्चास्वतन्त्रा च नारी ।
दासस्य पत्नी त्वं धनमस्य भद्रे हीनेश्वरा दासधनं च दासी ॥१॥

1. karṇa uvāca ,
trayaḥ kileme adhanā bhavanti; dāsaḥ śiṣyaścāsvatantrā ca nārī ,
dāsasya patnī tvaṁ dhanamasya bhadre; hīneśvarā dāsadhanaṁ ca dāsī.

1. karṇaḥ uvāca trayaḥ kila ime adhanā
bhavanti dāsaḥ śiṣyaḥ ca asvatantrā ca
nārī dāsasya patnī tvam dhanam asya
bhadre hīna-īśvarā dāsa-dhanam ca dāsī

1. Karna said: 'Indeed, these three are without property: a slave, a disciple, and a woman who is not independent. You are the wife of a slave; you are his property, O virtuous lady. A woman whose master is lowly, and a female slave, are both considered a slave's property.'

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• किल (kila) - indeed (indeed, certainly, as is well known)

• इमे (ime) - these

• अधना (adhanā) - without any property (without property, poor, destitute)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are (they are, they become)

• दासः (dāsaḥ) - a slave (slave, servant)

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - a disciple (disciple, student)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्वतन्त्रा (asvatantrā) - not independent (not independent, dependent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नारी (nārī) - a woman (woman, female)

• दासस्य (dāsasya) - of a slave (Yudhiṣṭhira) (of a slave)

• पत्नी (patnī) - wife (wife, mistress)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Draupadi) (you (singular))

• धनम् (dhanam) - property (property, wealth, riches)

• अस्य (asya) - his (of Yudhiṣṭhira) (of him, his)

• भद्रे (bhadre) - O virtuous lady (Draupadi) (O virtuous lady, O auspicious one)

• हीन-ईश्वरा (hīna-īśvarā) - a woman whose master is lowly (a woman whose master is lowly/inferior)

• दास-धनम् (dāsa-dhanam) - slave's property

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दासी (dāsī) - a female slave (female slave, maidservant)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a character in the Mahabharata), ear

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, third person, singular, active voice. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Subject of `bhavanti`.

किल (kila) - indeed (indeed, certainly, as is well known)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating emphasis or something commonly known/reported.

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with `trayaḥ`.

अधना (adhanā) - without any property (without property, poor, destitute)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhana

adhana - without property, poor, destitute

Negative compound (`na`-compound): `a` (not) + `dhana` (wealth, property).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dhana)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dhana – wealth, property, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Present indicative, third person, plural, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

दासः (dāsaḥ) - a slave (slave, servant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāsa

dāsa - slave, servant, bondsman

Root: dās (class 1)

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - a disciple (disciple, student)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student, pupil

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root `śās` (to teach, to rule) with suffix `-ya`. Meaning 'one who is to be taught/disciplined'.

Root: śās (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्वतन्त्रा (asvatantrā) - not independent (not independent, dependent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asvatantra

asvatantra - not independent, dependent, subject to another's will

Negative compound (`na`-compound): `a` (not) + `svatantra` (independent).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svatantra)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• svatantra – independent, self-governing, free
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound: `sva` (self) + `tantra` (thread, system, independent rule).

Note: Agrees with `nārī`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

नारी (nārī) - a woman (woman, female)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, female, wife

दासस्य (dāsasya) - of a slave (Yudhiṣṭhira) (of a slave)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dāsa

dāsa - slave, servant, bondsman

Note: Qualifies `patnī`.

पत्नी (patnī) - wife (wife, mistress)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, female owner

From `pati` (lord, husband) with feminine suffix `-nī`.

Note: Predicate nominative for `tvam`.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Draupadi) (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, informal)

Second person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

धनम् (dhanam) - property (property, wealth, riches)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

Root: dhā (class 3)

अस्य (asya) - his (of Yudhiṣṭhira) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies `dhanam`.

भद्रे (bhadre) - O virtuous lady (Draupadi) (O virtuous lady, O auspicious one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - good, virtuous, auspicious, fair, gentle (feminine form of `bhadra`)

Feminine form of `bhadra`.

हीन-ईश्वरा (hīna-īśvarā) - a woman whose master is lowly (a woman whose master is lowly/inferior)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hīna-īśvara

hīna-īśvara - having an inferior master

Bahuvrīhi compound: `hīna` (lowly, inferior) + `īśvara` (master). The feminine form `hīna-īśvarā` means 'one whose master is lowly'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hīna+īśvara)

• hīna – left, abandoned, deficient, lowly, inferior, base
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `hā` (to abandon, to quit).
  Root: hā (class 3)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  From root `īś` (to rule, to be master of).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Implied subject is 'you' (Draupadi) or generally 'a woman'.

दास-धनम् (dāsa-dhanam) - slave's property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāsa-dhana

dāsa-dhana - property of a slave

Genitive Tatpurusha compound: `dāsasya dhana`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāsa+dhana)

• dāsa – slave, servant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dās (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दासी (dāsī) - a female slave (female slave, maidservant)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dāsī

dāsī - female slave, maidservant

Feminine form of `dāsa`.

Root: dās (class 1)