महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-46, verse-23

ज्येष्ठोऽयमिति मां मत्वा श्रेष्ठश्चेति विशां पते ।
युधिष्ठिरेण सत्कृत्य युक्तो रत्नपरिग्रहे ॥२३॥

23. jyeṣṭho'yamiti māṁ matvā śreṣṭhaśceti viśāṁ pate ,
yudhiṣṭhireṇa satkṛtya yukto ratnaparigrahe.

23. jyeṣṭhaḥ ayam iti mām matvā śreṣṭhaḥ ca iti viśām
pate yudhiṣṭhireṇa satkṛtya yuktaḥ ratna-parigrahe

23. Thinking 'this one is the eldest and also the best,' O lord of the people (viśām pate), Yudhishthira honored me and appointed me to accept the jewels.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (of us) (eldest, senior, best, pre-eminent)

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to the speaker, the narrator) (this one, he)

• इति (iti) - (indicating the preceding thought) (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

• माम् (mām) - me (the speaker) (me (accusative of I))

• मत्वा (matvā) - having considered (having thought, considering)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - (the) best (of us) (best, most excellent, most auspicious)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• इति (iti) - (indicating the preceding thought) (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people (of people, of subjects)

• पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

• युधिष्ठिरेण (yudhiṣṭhireṇa) - by Yudhishthira

• सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - having duly honored (the speaker) (having honored, having respected)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - appointed (to a task) (engaged, yoked, connected, fit, suitable)

• रत्न-परिग्रहे (ratna-parigrahe) - in the task of accepting jewels (in the collection/acceptance of jewels)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (of us) (eldest, senior, best, pre-eminent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best

superlative

Superlative of `vṛddha` or `prācīna`

अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to the speaker, the narrator) (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Nominative singular masculine of `idam`.

इति (iti) - (indicating the preceding thought) (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me (the speaker) (me (accusative of I))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

मत्वा (matvā) - having considered (having thought, considering)

(indeclinable)

absolutiva

From root `man` (to think) + suffix `tvā`

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - (the) best (of us) (best, most excellent, most auspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent

superlative

Superlative of `praśasya` (excellent)

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - (indicating the preceding thought) (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

(indeclinable)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people (of people, of subjects)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, clan

Note: Genitive plural of `viś`.

पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Vocative singular of `pati`.

युधिष्ठिरेण (yudhiṣṭhireṇa) - by Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle (name of a king)

सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - having duly honored (the speaker) (having honored, having respected)

(indeclinable)

absolutiva

From `sat` (good, well) + root `kṛ` (to do) + suffix `tya` (for pre-prefixed verbs)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Formed with `lyap` (or `tya`) suffix, as `sat` functions as a preverb here.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - appointed (to a task) (engaged, yoked, connected, fit, suitable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, engaged, fit

Past Passive Participle

From root `yuj` (to join, connect) + suffix `kta`

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Past Passive Participle used adjectivally.

रत्न-परिग्रहे (ratna-parigrahe) - in the task of accepting jewels (in the collection/acceptance of jewels)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratnaparigraha

ratnaparigraha - acceptance of jewels, collection of gems

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratna+parigraha)

• ratna – jewel, gem
  noun (neuter)
• parigraha – acceptance, collection, possession
  noun (masculine)
  From `pari` + root `grah` (to seize, take) + `a`
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)