महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-46, verse-17

तस्य ते विदितप्रज्ञ शोकमूलमिदं कथम् ।
समुत्थितं दुःखतरं तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥१७॥

17. tasya te viditaprajña śokamūlamidaṁ katham ,
samutthitaṁ duḥkhataraṁ tanme śaṁsitumarhasi.

17. tasya te viditaprajña śokamūlam idam katham
samutthitam duḥkhataram tat me śaṃsitum arhasi

17. O wise one, you ought to explain to me how this source of even greater sorrow has arisen in you.

17. הו בעל התבונה הידועה, כיצד נולד בך שורש הצער הזה, קשה מאוד מכול? ראוי שתספר לי זאת.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - in you, belonging to you (referring to the subject addressed by 'te') (his, of him, to him)

• ते (te) - in you, concerning you (to you, for you, your (enclitic pronoun))

• विदितप्रज्ञ (viditaprajña) - O wise one, O one whose knowledge is known

• शोकमूलम् (śokamūlam) - root of sorrow, source of grief

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• समुत्थितम् (samutthitam) - arisen, sprung up, originated

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

• तत् (tat) - this matter, this situation (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my (enclitic pronoun))

• शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to explain, to relate

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - in you, belonging to you (referring to the subject addressed by 'te') (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

genitive singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'

Note: Refers to the person being spoken to.

ते (te) - in you, concerning you (to you, for you, your (enclitic pronoun))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

enclitic form of dative/genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'

Note: Used possessively or indicating location (in you).

विदितप्रज्ञ (viditaprajña) - O wise one, O one whose knowledge is known

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viditaprajña

viditaprajña - one whose knowledge is known, wise

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidita+prajñā)

• vidita – known, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root vid- with suffix -ta
  Root: vid (class 6)
• prajñā – wisdom, knowledge, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  root jñā with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Addressed to the speaker.

शोकमूलम् (śokamūlam) - root of sorrow, source of grief

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śokamūla

śokamūla - root of sorrow, cause of grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+mūla)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  root śuc
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence 'idam ... samutthitam'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular neuter of 'idam'

Note: Subject of the sentence 'idam ... samutthitam'.

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of 'kim'

समुत्थितम् (samutthitam) - arisen, sprung up, originated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samutthita

samutthita - arisen, sprung up, originated, elevated

Past Passive Participle

derived from root sthā- with prefixes sam- and ut- and suffix -ta

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful, more difficult

comparative degree of 'duḥkha'

तत् (tat) - this matter, this situation (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

neuter accusative singular of 'tad', refers to the entire situation described

Note: Object of explanation.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my (enclitic pronoun))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

enclitic form of dative/genitive singular of 'asmad'

शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to explain, to relate

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of śaṃs

Infinitive

derived from root śaṃs- with suffix -tum

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

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