महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-46, verse-17

तस्य ते विदितप्रज्ञ शोकमूलमिदं कथम् ।
समुत्थितं दुःखतरं तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥१७॥

17. tasya te viditaprajña śokamūlamidaṁ katham ,
samutthitaṁ duḥkhataraṁ tanme śaṁsitumarhasi.

17. tasya te viditaprajña śokamūlam idam katham
samutthitam duḥkhataram tat me śaṃsitum arhasi

17. O wise one, you ought to explain to me how this source of even greater sorrow has arisen in you.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - in you, belonging to you (referring to the subject addressed by 'te') (his, of him, to him)

• ते (te) - in you, concerning you (to you, for you, your (enclitic pronoun))

• विदितप्रज्ञ (viditaprajña) - O wise one, O one whose knowledge is known

• शोकमूलम् (śokamūlam) - root of sorrow, source of grief

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• समुत्थितम् (samutthitam) - arisen, sprung up, originated

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

• तत् (tat) - this matter, this situation (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my (enclitic pronoun))

• शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to explain, to relate

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - in you, belonging to you (referring to the subject addressed by 'te') (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

genitive singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'

Note: Refers to the person being spoken to.

ते (te) - in you, concerning you (to you, for you, your (enclitic pronoun))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

enclitic form of dative/genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'

Note: Used possessively or indicating location (in you).

विदितप्रज्ञ (viditaprajña) - O wise one, O one whose knowledge is known

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viditaprajña

viditaprajña - one whose knowledge is known, wise

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidita+prajñā)

• vidita – known, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root vid- with suffix -ta
  Root: vid (class 6)
• prajñā – wisdom, knowledge, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  root jñā with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Addressed to the speaker.

शोकमूलम् (śokamūlam) - root of sorrow, source of grief

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śokamūla

śokamūla - root of sorrow, cause of grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+mūla)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  root śuc
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence 'idam ... samutthitam'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular neuter of 'idam'

Note: Subject of the sentence 'idam ... samutthitam'.

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of 'kim'

समुत्थितम् (samutthitam) - arisen, sprung up, originated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samutthita

samutthita - arisen, sprung up, originated, elevated

Past Passive Participle

derived from root sthā- with prefixes sam- and ut- and suffix -ta

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful, more difficult

comparative degree of 'duḥkha'

तत् (tat) - this matter, this situation (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

neuter accusative singular of 'tad', refers to the entire situation described

Note: Object of explanation.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my (enclitic pronoun))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

enclitic form of dative/genitive singular of 'asmad'

शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to explain, to relate

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of śaṃs

Infinitive

derived from root śaṃs- with suffix -tum

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)