महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-46, verse-15

पृथग्जनैरलभ्यं यद्भोजनाच्छादनं परम् ।
तत्प्राप्तोऽसि महाबाहो कस्माच्छोचसि पुत्रक ॥१५॥

15. pṛthagjanairalabhyaṁ yadbhojanācchādanaṁ param ,
tatprāpto'si mahābāho kasmācchocasi putraka.

15. pṛthagjanaiḥ alabhyam yat bhojanācchādanam param
tat prāptaḥ asi mahābāho kasmāt śocasi putrak

15. O mighty-armed one (mahābāho), O son, you have obtained that excellent food and clothing which is unattainable by ordinary people. Why do you grieve?

Words meanings summery:

• पृथग्जनैः (pṛthagjanaiḥ) - by ordinary people, by common folk

• अलभ्यम् (alabhyam) - unattainable, difficult to obtain

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• भोजनाच्छादनम् (bhojanācchādanam) - food and clothing

• परम् (param) - supreme, excellent, highest

• तत् (tat) - that

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, reached

• असि (asi) - you are

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

• पुत्रक् (putrak) - O son (affectionate)

Words meanings and morphology

पृथग्जनैः (pṛthagjanaiḥ) - by ordinary people, by common folk

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛthagjana

pṛthagjana - ordinary person, common man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthak+jana)

• pṛthak – separate, distinct, apart
  indeclinable
• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

अलभ्यम् (alabhyam) - unattainable, difficult to obtain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alabhy

alabhy - unattainable, not to be obtained

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

negative particle 'a' + root labh + suffix -ya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+labhy)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• labhy – obtainable, to be gained
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  root labh + suffix -ya
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhojanācchādanam'.

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

भोजनाच्छादनम् (bhojanācchādanam) - food and clothing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhojanācchādana

bhojanācchādana - food and clothing

Compound type : dvandva (bhojana+ācchādana)

• bhojana – food, eating
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root bhuj
  Root: bhuj (class 7)
• ācchādana – clothing, covering
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root chad with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: chad (class 10)

परम् (param) - supreme, excellent, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, other

Note: Qualifies 'bhojanācchādanam'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of 'prāptaḥ asi'.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, gained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained

Past Passive Participle

derived from root āp- with prefix pra- and suffix -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine form of mahat
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

ablative singular neuter of 'kim', used adverbially as 'why'

Note: Adverbial usage 'why'.

शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

पुत्रक् (putrak) - O son (affectionate)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - little son, dear son (diminutive/affectionate)

diminutive of putra