महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-46, verse-16

स्फीतं राष्ट्रं महाबाहो पितृपैतामहं महत् ।
नित्यमाज्ञापयन्भासि दिवि देवेश्वरो यथा ॥१६॥

16. sphītaṁ rāṣṭraṁ mahābāho pitṛpaitāmahaṁ mahat ,
nityamājñāpayanbhāsi divi deveśvaro yathā.

16. sphītam rāṣṭram mahābāho pitṛpaitāmaham mahat
nityam ājñāpayan bhāsi divi deveśvaraḥ yathā

16. O mighty-armed one (mahābāho), you continually rule this great, prosperous, and ancestral kingdom, and you shine like the lord of the gods (deveśvara) in heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• स्फीतम् (sphītam) - prosperous, swollen, extensive

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, nation, country

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

• पितृपैतामहम् (pitṛpaitāmaham) - ancestral, inherited from father and grandfather

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• आज्ञापयन् (ājñāpayan) - commanding, ruling, ordering

• भासि (bhāsi) - you shine, you appear

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

• देवेश्वरः (deveśvaraḥ) - lord of the gods

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

Words meanings and morphology

स्फीतम् (sphītam) - prosperous, swollen, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sphīta

sphīta - prosperous, large, extensive, swollen

Past Passive Participle

derived from root sphāy/sphī

Root: sphāy (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāṣṭram'.

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, nation, country

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, nation

Root: rāj

Note: Object of the implied verb of ruling/shining.

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine form of mahat
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

पितृपैतामहम् (pitṛpaitāmaham) - ancestral, inherited from father and grandfather

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitṛpaitāmaha

pitṛpaitāmaha - paternal, ancestral, inherited from fathers and grandfathers

derived from pitṛ and pitāmaha

Compound type : dvandva (implied) or karmadhāraya (pitṛ+pitāmaha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• pitāmaha – paternal grandfather
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rāṣṭram'.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Qualifies 'rāṣṭram'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'ājñāpayan'.

आज्ञापयन् (ājñāpayan) - commanding, ruling, ordering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ājñāpayat

ājñāpayat - commanding, ordering, governing

Present Active Participle (causative)

derived from root jñā- with prefix ā- and causative suffix -api- and participle suffix -śatṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence (implied 'you').

भासि (bhāsi) - you shine, you appear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhā

Root: bhā (class 2)

दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

Root: div (class 4)

देवेश्वरः (deveśvaraḥ) - lord of the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deveśvara

deveśvara - lord of gods, Indra, Shiva

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+īśvara)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root īś
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'you' (implied) in comparison with 'yathā'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction for comparison.