महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-43, verse-28

को हि नाम पुमाँल्लोके मर्षयिष्यति सत्त्ववान् ।
सपत्नानृध्यतो दृष्ट्वा हानिमात्मन एव च ॥२८॥

28. ko hi nāma pumāँlloke marṣayiṣyati sattvavān ,
sapatnānṛdhyato dṛṣṭvā hānimātmana eva ca.

28. kaḥ hi nāma pumān loke marṣayiṣyati sattvavān
sapatnān ṛdhyataḥ dṛṣṭvā hānim ātmanaḥ eva ca

28. What man in this world, possessing courage (sattva), would indeed tolerate seeing his rivals prosper and his own loss (ātman)?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• नाम (nāma) - Emphatic particle (by name, indeed, pray tell)

• पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male person

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• मर्षयिष्यति (marṣayiṣyati) - will tolerate, will endure, will suffer

• सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - possessing strength, courageous, brave, spirited

• सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - rivals, enemies, co-wives

• ऋध्यतः (ṛdhyataḥ) - prospering, thriving, succeeding

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• हानिम् (hānim) - loss, harm, destruction, decrease

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own, of the self (ātman)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, itself

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - Emphatic particle (by name, indeed, pray tell)

(indeclinable)

पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, person, male principle (puruṣa)

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, mankind

मर्षयिष्यति (marṣayiṣyati) - will tolerate, will endure, will suffer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of marṣay

future verb (causative)

Causative of √mṛṣ (to bear, endure); future tense, 3rd person singular

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - possessing strength, courageous, brave, spirited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvavat

sattvavat - possessing sattva, courageous, strong, brave, spirited

Possessive suffix -vat from sattva

सपत्नान् (sapatnān) - rivals, enemies, co-wives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - having a common husband/father, rival, enemy

From sa- (with) + patnī (wife) originally, then broadened to rival

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+patna)

• sa – with, together
  indeclinable
• patna – related to a master/husband/ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Related to 'pati' (master, husband) or 'patnī' (wife)

ऋध्यतः (ṛdhyataḥ) - prospering, thriving, succeeding

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛdhyat

ṛdhyat - prospering, thriving, succeeding

Present Active Participle

From √ṛdh (to prosper, thrive); present active participle

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from √dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

हानिम् (hānim) - loss, harm, destruction, decrease

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hāni

hāni - loss, harm, destruction, decrease

From √hā (to abandon, quit, lose)

Root: hā (class 3)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own, of the self (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, vital breath, mind, person

Root: an (class 2)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, itself

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)