महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-43, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
वसन्दुर्योधनस्तस्यां सभायां भरतर्षभ ।
शनैर्ददर्श तां सर्वां सभां शकुनिना सह ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vasanduryodhanastasyāṁ sabhāyāṁ bharatarṣabha ,
śanairdadarśa tāṁ sarvāṁ sabhāṁ śakuninā saha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | vasan duryodhanaḥ tasyām sabhāyām
bharatarṣabha | śanaiḥ dadarśa tām sarvām sabhām śakuninā saha

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "O best of Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), Duryodhana, while dwelling in that assembly hall with Śakuni, slowly observed the entire hall."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• वसन् (vasan) - while dwelling (dwelling, staying, residing)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper name))

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly hall (in the assembly hall, in the court)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bhāratas (Janamejaya) (O best of Bharatas!)

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually (slowly, gradually, gently)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - observed (he saw)

• ताम् (tām) - that (that (feminine))

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - the entire (whole, entire, all)

• सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly hall (assembly hall, court)

• शकुनिना (śakuninā) - with Śakuni

• सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

Patronymic from Viśampāyana.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वसन् (vasan) - while dwelling (dwelling, staying, residing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vas

vas - to dwell, to reside, to stay

Present Active Participle

From root vas (to dwell), suffix -śatṛ.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective qualifying Duryodhana.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to sabhā.

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly hall (in the assembly hall, in the court)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, hall, court

Prefix: sa

Root: bhā (class 1)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bhāratas (Janamejaya) (O best of Bharatas!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bhāratas, best among Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a Bhārata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Typical address by Vaiśaṃpāyana to Janamejaya.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually (slowly, gradually, gently)

(indeclinable)

Note: Actually ablative of śanas used as adverb.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - observed (he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - that (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to sabhā.

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - the entire (whole, entire, all)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies sabhā.

सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly hall (assembly hall, court)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, hall, court

Prefix: sa

Root: bhā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

शकुनिना (śakuninā) - with Śakuni

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (proper name); also 'bird'

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)