महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-55, verse-18

गौतम उवाच ।
त्वत्प्रीतियुक्तेन मया गुरुशुश्रूषया तव ।
व्यतिक्रामन्महान्कालो नावबुद्धो द्विजर्षभ ॥१८॥

18. gautama uvāca ,
tvatprītiyuktena mayā guruśuśrūṣayā tava ,
vyatikrāmanmahānkālo nāvabuddho dvijarṣabha.

18. gautama uvāca | tvatprītiyuktena mayā guruśuśrūṣayā tava
| vyatikrāman mahān kālaḥ na avabuddhaḥ dvijarṣabha

18. gautama uvāca dvijarṣabha,
tava tvatprītiyuktena guruśuśrūṣayā mayā mahān vyatikrāman kālaḥ na avabuddhaḥ.

18. Gautama said: "O best among the twice-born, a long period of time, spent by me in devotion and service to you, has passed unnoticed."

Words meanings summery:

• गौतम (gautama) - Gautama (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्वत्प्रीतियुक्तेन (tvatprītiyuktena) - by me endowed with affection for you, by me devoted to you

• मया (mayā) - by me

• गुरुशुश्रूषया (guruśuśrūṣayā) - by service to the guru (teacher)

• तव (tava) - your, for you

• व्यतिक्रामन् (vyatikrāman) - passing, elapsing

• महान् (mahān) - great, long

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, period

• न (na) - not

• अवबुद्धः (avabuddhaḥ) - perceived, known, realized, noticed

• द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the Brahmins (Uttanka) (O best among the twice-born (Brahmins))

Words meanings and morphology

गौतम (gautama) - Gautama (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वत्प्रीतियुक्तेन (tvatprītiyuktena) - by me endowed with affection for you, by me devoted to you

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tvatprītiyukta

tvatprītiyukta - endowed with affection for you, devoted to you

Compound type : tatpurusha (tvat+prīti+yukta)

• tvat – you, from you
  pronoun
• prīti – affection, love, devotion, pleasure
  noun (feminine)
  Root: prī (class 4)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'yuj'
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'mayā'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

गुरुशुश्रूषया (guruśuśrūṣayā) - by service to the guru (teacher)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of guruśuśrūṣā

guruśuśrūṣā - service to the guru/teacher

Compound type : tatpurusha (guru+śuśrūṣā)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• śuśrūṣā – desire to hear, obedience, service, attendance
  noun (feminine)
  desiderative noun
  from root 'śru' (to hear) + desiderative suffix + 'ā'
  Root: śru (class 5)

तव (tava) - your, for you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Implies "towards you" or "for your sake".

व्यतिक्रामन् (vyatikrāman) - passing, elapsing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikrāmat

vyatikrāmat - passing, going beyond, overcoming

Present Active Participle

from root 'kram' with 'vi' and 'ati'

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying kālaḥ.

महान् (mahān) - great, long

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, period

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, death

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवबुद्धः (avabuddhaḥ) - perceived, known, realized, noticed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avabuddha

avabuddha - perceived, known, understood

Past Passive Participle

from root 'budh' with upasarga 'ava'

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle used as a predicate.

द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the Brahmins (Uttanka) (O best among the twice-born (Brahmins))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - best among the twice-born

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Term of address for a Brahmin (Uttanka).