महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-55, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
उत्तङ्कः केन तपसा संयुक्तः सुमहातपाः ।
यः शापं दातुकामोऽभूद्विष्णवे प्रभविष्णवे ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
uttaṅkaḥ kena tapasā saṁyuktaḥ sumahātapāḥ ,
yaḥ śāpaṁ dātukāmo'bhūdviṣṇave prabhaviṣṇave.

1. janamejaya uvāca uttaṅkaḥ kena tapasā saṃyuktaḥ su-mahā-tapāḥ
yaḥ śāpam dātu-kāmaḥ abhūt viṣṇave prabhaviṣṇave

1. janamejaya uvāca uttaṅkaḥ sumahātapāḥ kena tapasā
saṃyuktaḥ yaḥ prabhaviṣṇave viṣṇave śāpam dātukāmaḥ abhūt

1. Janamejaya said: "By what (kind of) spiritual discipline (tapas) was Utṭanka, the practitioner of great austerities (tapas), endowed, such that he became desirous of giving a curse to the powerful Viṣṇu?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Utṭanka (proper name)

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by spiritual discipline (tapas)

• संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, connected

• सु-महा-तपाः (su-mahā-tapāḥ) - one of very great austerities (tapas), very ascetic

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• शापम् (śāpam) - curse

• दातु-कामः (dātu-kāmaḥ) - desirous of giving, wishing to give

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was

• विष्णवे (viṣṇave) - to Viṣṇu

• प्रभविष्णवे (prabhaviṣṇave) - to the powerful one, to the omnipresent one

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, son of Parikṣit)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Utṭanka (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Utṭanka (name of a sage)

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by spiritual discipline (tapas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, spiritual discipline, heat

संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyukta

saṁyukta - joined, united, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

सु-महा-तपाः (su-mahā-tapāḥ) - one of very great austerities (tapas), very ascetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahātapas

sumahātapas - one possessing very great spiritual discipline/austerity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahant+tapas)

• su – good, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• tapas – austerity, spiritual discipline, heat
  noun (neuter)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

शापम् (śāpam) - curse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

दातु-कामः (dātu-kāmaḥ) - desirous of giving, wishing to give

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātukāma

dātukāma - desirous of giving, wishing to give

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dātum+kāma)

• dātum – to give (infinitive)
  indeclinable
  Infinitive
  Infinitive form of the root dā.
  Root: dā (class 3)
• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)

अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

विष्णवे (viṣṇave) - to Viṣṇu

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Viṣṇu (name of a deity)

प्रभविष्णवे (prabhaviṣṇave) - to the powerful one, to the omnipresent one

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of prabhaviṣṇu

prabhaviṣṇu - powerful, mighty, omnipresent, superior

Derived from pra + bhū with the -iṣṇu suffix (denoting habitual action or nature).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)