महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-55, verse-17

भवता ह्यभ्यनुज्ञाताः शिष्याः प्रत्यवरा मया ।
उपपन्ना द्विजश्रेष्ठ शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ॥१७॥

17. bhavatā hyabhyanujñātāḥ śiṣyāḥ pratyavarā mayā ,
upapannā dvijaśreṣṭha śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ.

17. bhavatā hi abhyanujñātāḥ śiṣyāḥ pratyavarāḥ mayā
upapannāḥ dvijaśreṣṭha śataśaḥ atha sahasraśaḥ

17. hi dvijaśreṣṭha bhavatā mayā pratyavarāḥ śiṣyāḥ
abhyanujñātāḥ śataśaḥ atha sahasraśaḥ upapannāḥ

17. “Indeed, O best of brahmins, disciples junior to me have been permitted by you, and hundreds, even thousands, have come (to you and completed their studies)."

Words meanings summery:

• भवता (bhavatā) - By Gautama, the guru. (by you (honorific))

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, for, because)

• अभ्यनुज्ञाताः (abhyanujñātāḥ) - Disciples were permitted to depart. (permitted, allowed, given leave)

• शिष्याः (śiṣyāḥ) - Utanka's fellow students, junior to him. (disciples, students)

• प्रत्यवराः (pratyavarāḥ) - Disciples who are junior to Utanka (in their stay or knowledge). (inferior, junior, subsequent)

• मया (mayā) - Junior *than* me (ablative meaning for comparison). (by me, than me)

• उपपन्नाः (upapannāḥ) - Disciples have approached (you) and are settled or completed their studies. (approached, arrived, obtained, endowed with, suited)

• द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - Utanka addressing Gautama. (O best of brahmins)

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - Many disciples in large groups. (by hundreds, in hundreds)

• अथ (atha) - Connects "hundreds" and "thousands". (and, then, moreover)

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - Many disciples in large groups. (by thousands, in thousands)

Words meanings and morphology

भवता (bhavatā) - By Gautama, the guru. (by you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your worship, your reverence, you (honorific)

Note: Agent in passive construction "abhyanujñātāḥ".

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अभ्यनुज्ञाताः (abhyanujñātāḥ) - Disciples were permitted to depart. (permitted, allowed, given leave)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, consented, given leave

Past Passive Participle

Derived from abhi-anu-√jñā (to permit) + -ta suffix.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in passive construction.

शिष्याः (śiṣyāḥ) - Utanka's fellow students, junior to him. (disciples, students)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student, pupil

Gerundive

From √śās (to teach, instruct) + -ya. "One who is to be taught."

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रत्यवराः (pratyavarāḥ) - Disciples who are junior to Utanka (in their stay or knowledge). (inferior, junior, subsequent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratyavara

pratyavara - inferior, subsequent, junior, coming after

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+avara)

• prati – towards, against, in return, in comparison to
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition
• avara – lower, inferior, younger, later
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with "śiṣyāḥ".

मया (mayā) - Junior *than* me (ablative meaning for comparison). (by me, than me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Instrumental singular.

Note: Instrumental case used with comparatives to express "than".

उपपन्नाः (upapannāḥ) - Disciples have approached (you) and are settled or completed their studies. (approached, arrived, obtained, endowed with, suited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upapanna

upapanna - approached, arrived, come, obtained, endowed with, suited, proper, completed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from upa-√pad (to happen, approach, obtain) + -na suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Can imply 'completed their studies and are ready to leave.'

द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - Utanka addressing Gautama. (O best of brahmins)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best of brahmins, chief among the twice-born

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - Many disciples in large groups. (by hundreds, in hundreds)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed with suffix -śas.

Note: Refers to the number of disciples.

अथ (atha) - Connects "hundreds" and "thousands". (and, then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - Many disciples in large groups. (by thousands, in thousands)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed with suffix -śas.

Note: Refers to the number of disciples.