महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-55, verse-14

गौतमस्त्वब्रवीद्विप्रमुत्तङ्कं प्रीतमानसः ।
कस्मात्तात तवाद्येह शोकोत्तरमिदं मनः ।
स स्वैरं ब्रूहि विप्रर्षे श्रोतुमिच्छामि ते वचः ॥१४॥

14. gautamastvabravīdvipramuttaṅkaṁ prītamānasaḥ ,
kasmāttāta tavādyeha śokottaramidaṁ manaḥ ,
sa svairaṁ brūhi viprarṣe śrotumicchāmi te vacaḥ.

14. gautamaḥ tu abravīt vipram uttaṅkam
prītamānasaḥ kasmāt tāta tava adya
iha śokottaram idam manaḥ saḥ svairam
brūhi viprarṣe śrotum icchāmi te vacaḥ

14. prītamānasaḥ gautamaḥ tu vipram uttaṅkam
abravīt tāta adya iha tava idam
manaḥ kasmāt śokottaram viprarṣe saḥ
svairam brūhi te vacaḥ śrotum icchāmi

14. Gautama, with a pleased mind, spoke to the brahmin Utanka: "My dear son, why is your mind so overwhelmed with sorrow here today? O brahmin sage, please speak freely; I wish to hear your words."

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - The sage Gautama, Utanka's guru. (Gautama (proper name))

• तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Gautama spoke. (he spoke, he said)

• विप्रम् (vipram) - To Utanka, who is a brahmin. (to the brahmin, the inspired one, the sage)

• उत्तङ्कम् (uttaṅkam) - The disciple of Gautama. (Utanka (proper name))

• प्रीतमानसः (prītamānasaḥ) - Gautama, having a pleased mind. (with a pleased mind, joyful-minded)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - Why (are you sorrowful)? (why, from what, owing to what)

• तात (tāta) - Used by a guru addressing a beloved disciple. (dear son, darling, father (vocative))

• तव (tava) - Your (mind). (your)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• इह (iha) - Here (in this place). (here, in this world)

• शोकोत्तरम् (śokottaram) - Your mind (manaḥ) is overwhelmed with sorrow. (overwhelmed by sorrow, filled with grief)

• इदम् (idam) - This (mind). (this)

• मनः (manaḥ) - Your (Utanka's) mind. (mind, intellect, heart)

• सः (saḥ) - Please (speak). (he, that; also used as an emphatic or polite particle (please, do))

• स्वैरम् (svairam) - Speak freely. (freely, gently, at will, slowly)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - You (Utanka) speak. (speak, tell)

• विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - Gautama addressing Utanka. (O brahmin sage, O sage among brahmins)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - I wish to hear. (to hear, to listen)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - Gautama wishes to hear. (I wish, I desire, I want)

• ते (te) - Your (Utanka's) words. (your, to you (dative/genitive of 'you'))

• वचः (vacaḥ) - Your (Utanka's) words. (word, speech, saying)

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - The sage Gautama, Utanka's guru. (Gautama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - name of a sage, a descendant of Gotama

तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Gautama spoke. (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect, 2nd conjugation, parasmaipada

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The 'a' prefix indicates past imperfect tense.

विप्रम् (vipram) - To Utanka, who is a brahmin. (to the brahmin, the inspired one, the sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - inspired, wise, a brahmin, a sage

उत्तङ्कम् (uttaṅkam) - The disciple of Gautama. (Utanka (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - name of a sage, a disciple of Gautama

प्रीतमानसः (prītamānasaḥ) - Gautama, having a pleased mind. (with a pleased mind, joyful-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prītamānasa

prītamānasa - joyful-minded, glad at heart, having a pleased mind

Compound type : karmadhāraya (prīta+mānasa)

• prīta – pleased, delighted, beloved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √prī (to please) + -ta suffix
  Root: prī (class 9)
• mānasa – mind, heart, mental
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Gautama.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - Why (are you sorrowful)? (why, from what, owing to what)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, for what reason

Note: Used here adverbially to mean "why".

तात (tāta) - Used by a guru addressing a beloved disciple. (dear son, darling, father (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father (vocative), dear son, darling

तव (tava) - Your (mind). (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - Here (in this place). (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

शोकोत्तरम् (śokottaram) - Your mind (manaḥ) is overwhelmed with sorrow. (overwhelmed by sorrow, filled with grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śokottara

śokottara - preponderating in sorrow, filled with sorrow, dominated by grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+uttara)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• uttara – later, higher, superior, preponderating
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with "manaḥ".

इदम् (idam) - This (mind). (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with "manaḥ".

मनः (manaḥ) - Your (Utanka's) mind. (mind, intellect, heart)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, soul

Root: man

सः (saḥ) - Please (speak). (he, that; also used as an emphatic or polite particle (please, do))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Often used with an imperative to soften it or make it more emphatic, like 'please'.

स्वैरम् (svairam) - Speak freely. (freely, gently, at will, slowly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of the adjective 'svaira', used adverbially.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - You (Utanka) speak. (speak, tell)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative, 2nd conjugation, parasmaipada

Root: brū (class 2)

विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - Gautama addressing Utanka. (O brahmin sage, O sage among brahmins)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viprarṣi

viprarṣi - a brahmin sage, a sage among brahmins

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vipra+ṛṣi)

• vipra – brahmin, inspired, wise
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Sandhi of vipra + ṛṣi → viprarṣi (guṇa, a+ṛ=ar).

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - I wish to hear. (to hear, to listen)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive formed with suffix -tum.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses purpose.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - Gautama wishes to hear. (I wish, I desire, I want)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present indicative, 6th conjugation (icchati group), parasmaipada

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ते (te) - Your (Utanka's) words. (your, to you (dative/genitive of 'you'))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

वचः (vacaḥ) - Your (Utanka's) words. (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration

Root: vac

Note: Object of "śrotum icchāmi".