महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-54, verse-15

ततो दिग्वाससं धीमान्मातङ्गं मलपङ्किनम् ।
अपश्यत मरौ तस्मिञ्श्वयूथपरिवारितम् ॥१५॥

15. tato digvāsasaṁ dhīmānmātaṅgaṁ malapaṅkinam ,
apaśyata marau tasmiñśvayūthaparivāritam.

15. tataḥ digvāsasam dhīmān mātaṅgam malapaṅkinam
apaśyata marau tasmin śvayūthaparivāritam

15. tataḥ dhīmān tasmin marau digvāsasam malapaṅkinam
śvayūthaparivāritam mātaṅgam apaśyata

15. Then, the intelligent one (Uttanka) saw in that desert a naked outcaste (mātaṅga) covered in dirt and mud, surrounded by a pack of dogs.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence)

• दिग्वाससम् (digvāsasam) - naked (sky-clad, naked)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - the intelligent one (Uttanka) (intelligent, wise, discerning)

• मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - an outcaste (outcaste, untouchable, elephant)

• मलपङ्किनम् (malapaṅkinam) - covered in dirt and mud (covered in dirt and mud, filthy)

• अपश्यत (apaśyata) - saw (saw, beheld)

• मरौ (marau) - in that desert (in the desert)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (in that, to that)

• श्वयूथपरिवारितम् (śvayūthaparivāritam) - surrounded by a pack of dogs

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence)

(indeclinable)

दिग्वाससम् (digvāsasam) - naked (sky-clad, naked)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of digvāsas

digvāsas - wearing the directions as garments, sky-clad, naked

Compound of dis (direction) + vāsas (garment).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (diś+vāsas)

• diś – direction, quarter of the sky
  noun (feminine)
• vāsas – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  From root vas (to wear).
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies mātaṅgam.

धीमान् (dhīmān) - the intelligent one (Uttanka) (intelligent, wise, discerning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, endowed with understanding

From dhī (intellect) + -mat (possessive suffix).

Note: Implicitly refers to Uttanka.

मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - an outcaste (outcaste, untouchable, elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātaṅga

mātaṅga - an outcaste, a man of the lowest caste, an elephant

Note: Object of apaśyata.

मलपङ्किनम् (malapaṅkinam) - covered in dirt and mud (covered in dirt and mud, filthy)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of malapaṅkin

malapaṅkin - covered with dirt and mud, filthy

From malapaṅka (dirt and mud) + -in (possessive suffix).

Note: Agrees with mātaṅgam.

अपश्यत (apaśyata) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect indicative (laṅ) of paś

imperfect active indicative

Augment 'a-' + root paśya (stem of dṛś/paś) + imperfect endings. Sometimes appears as 3rd sg. Impf. Ātmanepada, but here functions actively.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject Dhīmān (Uttanka) is active.

मरौ (marau) - in that desert (in the desert)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of maru

maru - desert, wilderness, sand

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (in that, to that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Agrees with marau.

श्वयूथपरिवारितम् (śvayūthaparivāritam) - surrounded by a pack of dogs

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvayūthaparivārita

śvayūthaparivārita - surrounded by a pack of dogs

Compound: śvayūtha (pack of dogs) + parivārita (surrounded).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śvan+yūtha+parivārita)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
  Stem for śva.
• yūtha – troop, multitude, herd, pack
  noun (neuter)
• parivārita – surrounded, encircled
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From prefix pari- + root vṛ (to cover, enclose) + suffix -ita.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with mātaṅgam.