महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-10, verse-8

व्यास उवाच ।
इत्येवमुक्तो धृतराष्ट्रेण राजा श्रुत्वा नादं नदतो वासवस्य ।
तपोनित्यं धर्मविदां वरिष्ठं संवर्तं तं ज्ञापयामास कार्यम् ॥८॥

8. vyāsa uvāca ,
ityevamukto dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa rājā; śrutvā nādaṁ nadato vāsavasya ,
taponityaṁ dharmavidāṁ variṣṭhaṁ; saṁvartaṁ taṁ jñāpayāmāsa kāryam.

8. Vyāsaḥ uvāca iti evam uktaḥ Dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa
rājā śrutvā nādam nadataḥ
Vāsavasya tapas-nityam dharma-vidām
variṣṭham Saṃvartam tam jñāpayām āsa kāryam

8. व्यासः उवाच इति एवम् धृतराष्ट्रेण
उक्तः राजा वासवस्य नदतः नादम् श्रुत्वा
तपस्-नित्यम् धर्म-विदाम् वरिष्ठम्
तम् संवर्तम् कार्यम् ज्ञापयामास

8. Vyāsa said: 'Thus addressed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the king, having heard the roar of the thundering Vāsava (Indra), informed that Saṃvarta—who was constantly devoted to asceticism (tapas) and foremost among those who understand (natural) law (dharma)—of the task.'

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (proper name of a sage, compiler of Vedas and Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing quoted speech or preceding statement) (thus, so, in this manner)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by someone) (spoken, said, addressed)

• धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• नादम् (nādam) - roar (sound, roar, cry)

• नदतः (nadataḥ) - thundering, roaring (masculine singular genitive)

• वासवस्य (vāsavasya) - of Vāsava (Indra)

• तपस्-नित्यम् (tapas-nityam) - constantly engaged in asceticism (tapas)

• धर्म-विदाम् (dharma-vidām) - of those who know the (natural) law (dharma)

• वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - the best, the most excellent, the chief, the foremost

• संवर्तम् (saṁvartam) - Saṃvarta (proper name)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to Saṃvarta) (him, that)

• ज्ञापयाम् आस (jñāpayām āsa) - informed (made aware, caused to know, informed)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - the matter/task (task, duty, action, what is to be done)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (proper name of a sage, compiler of Vedas and Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Vyāsa

Vyāsa - Vyāsa (a celebrated sage); arranger, compiler

From vi-√as (to throw, scatter, arrange)

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect active 3rd singular

From root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus (introducing quoted speech or preceding statement) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb. Reinforces 'iti'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by someone) (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name, king of Hastinapura)

compound of dhṛta (held, maintained) and rāṣṭra (kingdom, country).

Compound type : karmadhāraya / tatpurusha (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained, supported
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktaḥ'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of the main verb 'jñāpayām āsa'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutiv (gerund)

From root √śru (to hear) + -tvā (absolutive suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Its implicit agent is 'rājā'.

नादम् (nādam) - roar (sound, roar, cry)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, cry, roar, loud noise

from √nad (to sound, roar)

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

नदतः (nadataḥ) - thundering, roaring (masculine singular genitive)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, thundering

present active participle

From root √nad (to sound, roar) + -at (present participle suffix).

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with Vāsavasya.

वासवस्य (vāsavasya) - of Vāsava (Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Vāsava

Vāsava - a name of Indra; descendant of Vasu

Note: Possessive, indicating whose roar it is.

तपस्-नित्यम् (tapas-nityam) - constantly engaged in asceticism (tapas)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapas-nitya

tapas-nitya - devoted to asceticism (tapas), constantly performing austerity

compound of tapas (asceticism) and nitya (constant, eternal)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+nitya)

• tapas – (spiritual) austerity, penance, asceticism (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, always
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'Saṃvartam'.

धर्म-विदाम् (dharma-vidām) - of those who know the (natural) law (dharma)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharma-vid

dharma-vid - knower of (natural) law (dharma), one who understands religious duties/principles

agent noun

compound of dharma ((natural) law) and vid (knowing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – (natural) law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, wise, skilled
  adjective
  from root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Genitive of comparison/group for 'variṣṭham'.

वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - the best, the most excellent, the chief, the foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - best, chief, most excellent, most eminent

superlative of uru (wide, excellent) or praśasya (excellent)

Note: Qualifies 'Saṃvartam'.

संवर्तम् (saṁvartam) - Saṃvarta (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Saṃvarta

Saṁvarta - a name of a sage; a cosmic dissolution

from sam-√vṛt (to turn together, to roll up, to dissolve)

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jñāpayām āsa'.

तम् (tam) - that (referring to Saṃvarta) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'Saṃvartam'.

ज्ञापयाम् आस (jñāpayām āsa) - informed (made aware, caused to know, informed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √jñā

periphrastic perfect active 3rd singular (causative)

From causative of root √jñā (to know) + auxiliary √as in perfect.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject is 'rājā'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - the matter/task (task, duty, action, what is to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - what is to be done, duty, business, purpose, task

gerundive (or potential passive participle)

From root √kṛ (to do) + -ya (suffix).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Second object of the causative verb 'jñāpayām āsa' (to inform someone *of something*).