महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-5

परं शवाद्ब्राह्मणस्यैष पुत्रः शूद्रापुत्रं पारशवं तमाहुः ।
शुश्रूषकः स्वस्य कुलस्य स स्यात्स्वं चारित्रं नित्यमथो न जह्यात् ॥५॥

5. paraṁ śavādbrāhmaṇasyaiṣa putraḥ; śūdrāputraṁ pāraśavaṁ tamāhuḥ ,
śuśrūṣakaḥ svasya kulasya sa syā;tsvaṁ cāritraṁ nityamatho na jahyāt.

5. param śavāt brāhmaṇasya eṣa putraḥ
śūdrāputram pāraśavam tam āhuḥ
śuśrūṣakaḥ svasya kulasya sa syāt
svam cāritram nityam atho na jahyāt

5. brāhmaṇasya eṣa putraḥ param śavāt
śūdrāputram pāraśavam tam āhuḥ
sa svasya kulasya śuśrūṣakaḥ syāt
atho svam cāritram nityam na jahyāt

5. This son of a brahmin, born from a shudra (woman, considered like a śava), they call him a pāraśava (meaning, a son born to a shudra mother). He should be a dutiful attendant to his own family and should never abandon his proper conduct (cāritra).

Words meanings summery:

• परम् (param) - even from, furthermore (supreme, highest, utmost, chief, further, moreover)

• शवात् (śavāt) - from a śūdra (woman, considered like a śava due to low status) (from a corpse, from the lowest, from a wretch)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin, of one related to brahman

• एष (eṣa) - this

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• शूद्रापुत्रम् (śūdrāputram) - son of a śūdra woman

• पारशवम् (pāraśavam) - son of a brahmin by a śūdra woman, outcast

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call, they speak

• शुश्रूषकः (śuśrūṣakaḥ) - dutiful attendant (attendant, servant, desirous to serve)

• स्वस्य (svasya) - of one's own, of his own

• कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family, of the lineage, of the clan

• स (sa) - he, that

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

• स्वम् (svam) - his own (one's own, self, property)

• चारित्रम् (cāritram) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, character, intrinsic nature)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - never (with 'na') (always, eternally, constantly)

• अथो (atho) - and, also, moreover, then

• न (na) - not, no

• जह्यात् (jahyāt) - should abandon, should forsake, should give up

Words meanings and morphology

परम् (param) - even from, furthermore (supreme, highest, utmost, chief, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

शवात् (śavāt) - from a śūdra (woman, considered like a śava due to low status) (from a corpse, from the lowest, from a wretch)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śava

śava - corpse, wretch, lowest, outcast

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin, of one related to brahman

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brahmin, priest, relating to brahman

Derived from brahman

एष (eṣa) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

शूद्रापुत्रम् (śūdrāputram) - son of a śūdra woman

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūdrāputra

śūdrāputra - son of a śūdra woman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdrā+putra)

• śūdrā – śūdra woman
  noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

पारशवम् (pāraśavam) - son of a brahmin by a śūdra woman, outcast

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāraśava

pāraśava - son of a brahmin by a śūdra woman

Derived from para (other) + śava (corpse/low status)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root: ah

शुश्रूषकः (śuśrūṣakaḥ) - dutiful attendant (attendant, servant, desirous to serve)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣaka

śuśrūṣaka - attendant, server, obedient

Agent noun from desiderative stem

From desiderative of root śru (to hear), meaning 'desirous to hear/obey/serve'

Root: śru (class 5)

स्वस्य (svasya) - of one's own, of his own

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self

Note: Genitive singular of the reflexive pronoun 'sva'.

कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family, of the lineage, of the clan

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, race, lineage, community

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative singular of 'tad', takes form 'sa' before non-sibilant consonants, 'saḥ' before vowels or sibilants.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

स्वम् (svam) - his own (one's own, self, property)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self, wealth

Note: Accusative singular neuter of 'sva', modifying 'cāritram'.

चारित्रम् (cāritram) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, character, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāritra

cāritra - conduct, behavior, character

From root car (to move, to behave)

Root: car (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - never (with 'na') (always, eternally, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

अथो (atho) - and, also, moreover, then

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जह्यात् (jahyāt) - should abandon, should forsake, should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hā

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice (from jahi- stem)

Root: hā (class 3)

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