महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-39

भीष्म उवाच ।
योनिसंकलुषे जातं नानाचारसमाहितम् ।
कर्मभिः सज्जनाचीर्णैर्विज्ञेया योनिशुद्धता ॥३९॥

39. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yonisaṁkaluṣe jātaṁ nānācārasamāhitam ,
karmabhiḥ sajjanācīrṇairvijñeyā yoniśuddhatā.

39. bhīṣma uvāca yonisaṅkaluṣe jātam nānācārasamāhitam
karmabhiḥ sajjanācīrṇaiḥ vijñeyā yoniśuddhatā

39. bhīṣma uvāca yonisaṅkaluṣe jātam nānācārasamāhitam
api yoniśuddhatā sajjanācīrṇaiḥ karmabhiḥ vijñeyā

39. Bhishma said: "Even for one born of impure origin (yoni) and displaying various customs, the purity of their origin should be ascertained through actions (karma) performed by noble individuals."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• योनिसङ्कलुषे (yonisaṅkaluṣe) - in a defiled womb/origin, (one) born of defiled origin

• जातम् (jātam) - born, originated, produced

• नानाचारसमाहितम् (nānācārasamāhitam) - endowed with various customs/practices

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions, by deeds

• सज्जनाचीर्णैः (sajjanācīrṇaiḥ) - performed/practiced by noble people

• विज्ञेया (vijñeyā) - should be known, is to be recognized, discernible

• योनिशुद्धता (yoniśuddhatā) - purity of birth, purity of origin

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a revered warrior and patriarch in the Mahābhārata, known for his formidable vow)

Derived from √bhīṣ 'to be afraid', meaning 'terrible, formidable'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative

3rd person singular active voice. From root √vac.

Root: √vac (class 2)

योनिसङ्कलुषे (yonisaṅkaluṣe) - in a defiled womb/origin, (one) born of defiled origin

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of yonisaṅkaluṣa

yonisaṅkaluṣa - having a defiled womb/origin, born of impure lineage

Compound of `yoni` (womb, origin) and `saṅkaluṣa` (greatly impure/defiled).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yoni+saṅkaluṣa)

• yoni – womb, origin, source, birthplace
  noun (feminine)
• saṅkaluṣa – very dirty, greatly defiled, impure
  adjective (neuter)
  From `sam` (together, fully) + `kaluṣa` (impure).
  Prefix: sam

Note: Used adjectivally to describe the state of the person referred to by `jātam`.

जातम् (jātam) - born, originated, produced

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, generated, happened

Past Passive Participle

From √jan (to be born, 4th class) with `kta` affix.

Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Used as a substantive, 'one who is born'.

नानाचारसमाहितम् (nānācārasamāhitam) - endowed with various customs/practices

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nānācārasamāhita

nānācārasamāhita - endowed with various customs, conforming to diverse practices, observing various ways of life

Compound from `nānā` (various) + `ācāra` (custom, practice) + `samāhita` (endowed with, observing).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nānā+ācāra+samāhita)

• nānā – various, manifold, diverse
  indeclinable
• ācāra – custom, practice, conduct, tradition
  noun (masculine)
  From `ā-√car` (to act, perform).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √car (class 1)
• samāhita – composed, collected, attentive, observant of, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `sam-ā-√dhā` (to put together, compose, establish).
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: √dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `jātam`.

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions, by deeds

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of actions

From √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

सज्जनाचीर्णैः (sajjanācīrṇaiḥ) - performed/practiced by noble people

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sajjanācīrṇa

sajjanācīrṇa - practiced by good/virtuous people, adopted by noble individuals

Compound of `sajjana` (good person) + `ācīrṇa` (practiced, performed).

Compound type : tṛtīyā tatpuruṣa (sajjana+ācīrṇa)

• sajjana – good person, virtuous person, noble person
  noun (masculine)
  From `sat` (good, true) + `jana` (person).
• ācīrṇa – practiced, performed, observed, undergone
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ā-√car` (to perform, practice).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `karmabhiḥ`.

विज्ञेया (vijñeyā) - should be known, is to be recognized, discernible

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, to be understood, to be recognized, discernible

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From `vi-√jñā` (to know, ascertain) with `eya` suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Expresses obligation or suitability.

योनिशुद्धता (yoniśuddhatā) - purity of birth, purity of origin

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yoniśuddhatā

yoniśuddhatā - purity of birth/origin, clean lineage

Compound from `yoni` (origin) + `śuddha` (pure) + `tā` (suffix for abstract noun).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (yoni+śuddhatā)

• yoni – womb, origin, source, birthplace
  noun (feminine)
• śuddhatā – purity, cleanliness, integrity
  noun (feminine)
  From `śuddha` (pure) + `tā` (abstract suffix).

Note: Subject of `vijñeyā`.