महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-12

बन्दी तु जायते वैश्यान्मागधो वाक्यजीवनः ।
शूद्रान्निषादो मत्स्यघ्नः क्षत्रियायां व्यतिक्रमात् ॥१२॥

12. bandī tu jāyate vaiśyānmāgadho vākyajīvanaḥ ,
śūdrānniṣādo matsyaghnaḥ kṣatriyāyāṁ vyatikramāt.

12. bandī tu jāyate vaiśyāt māgadhaḥ vākyajīvanaḥ
śūdrāt niṣādaḥ matsyaghnaḥ kṣatriyāyām vyatikramāt

12. vaiśyāt bandī tu māgadhaḥ vākyajīvanaḥ jāyate
śūdrāt kṣatriyāyām vyatikramāt niṣādaḥ matsyaghnaḥ

12. A Vandin, indeed a Magadha living by speech, is born from a Vaiśya man (and a Kṣatriyā woman). From a Śūdra man, a Niṣāda, a fish-killer, is born in a Kṣatriyā woman, due to such a transgression (pratiloma).

Words meanings summery:

• बन्दी (bandī) - bard, encomiast, flatterer

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, originates

• वैश्यात् (vaiśyāt) - from a man of the merchant/farmer class (vaiśya) (from a Vaiśya man)

• मागधः (māgadhaḥ) - here refers to a mixed caste person, also acting as a bard (a Magadha (a mixed caste), a bard)

• वाक्यजीवनः (vākyajīvanaḥ) - qualifies Magadha/Vandin (living by speech, a professional speaker, bard)

• शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a man of the fourth caste (laborer) (from a Śūdra man)

• निषादः (niṣādaḥ) - here refers to a mixed caste person, often involved in fishing (a Niṣāda (a mixed caste), a hunter, a fisherman)

• मत्स्यघ्नः (matsyaghnaḥ) - qualifies Niṣāda (fish-killer, fisherman)

• क्षत्रियायाम् (kṣatriyāyām) - in a woman of the warrior class (kṣatriyā) (in a Kṣatriyā (female))

• व्यतिक्रमात् (vyatikramāt) - specifically refers to pratiloma unions, where the father is of a lower caste than the mother (due to transgression, by inverted order (pratiloma))

Words meanings and morphology

बन्दी (bandī) - bard, encomiast, flatterer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bandin

bandin - a bard, panegyrist; a flatterer; a prisoner

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of jan

present tense, middle voice

root jan (4th class, Ātmanepada), present indicative, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

वैश्यात् (vaiśyāt) - from a man of the merchant/farmer class (vaiśya) (from a Vaiśya man)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a man of the third of the four principal castes (merchant, farmer, cattle-rearer)

मागधः (māgadhaḥ) - here refers to a mixed caste person, also acting as a bard (a Magadha (a mixed caste), a bard)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māgadha

māgadha - a mixed caste (Vaiśya male + Kṣatriyā female, or Kṣatriya male + Vaiśyā female); a bard, a minstrel; an inhabitant of Magadha

वाक्यजीवनः (vākyajīvanaḥ) - qualifies Magadha/Vandin (living by speech, a professional speaker, bard)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākyajīvana

vākyajīvana - living by words/speech, a professional speaker, a bard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vākya+jīvana)

• vākya – speech, word, sentence
  noun (neuter)
• jīvana – living, livelihood, means of subsistence
  noun (neuter)
  derived from verb root jīv- 'to live'
  Root: jīv (class 1)

शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a man of the fourth caste (laborer) (from a Śūdra man)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a man of the fourth and lowest of the four principal castes (laborer, servant)

निषादः (niṣādaḥ) - here refers to a mixed caste person, often involved in fishing (a Niṣāda (a mixed caste), a hunter, a fisherman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣāda

niṣāda - a mixed caste (Brāhmaṇa male + Śūdrā female; or Śūdra male + Kṣatriyā female); a hunter, a fisherman; an outcaste

मत्स्यघ्नः (matsyaghnaḥ) - qualifies Niṣāda (fish-killer, fisherman)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsyaghna

matsyaghna - one who kills or catches fish, a fisherman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (matsya+ghna)

• matsya – fish
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – killer, destroyer, slayer
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from verb root han- 'to strike, kill'
  suffix -ghna (from han)
  Root: han (class 2)

क्षत्रियायाम् (kṣatriyāyām) - in a woman of the warrior class (kṣatriyā) (in a Kṣatriyā (female))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣatriyā

kṣatriyā - a woman of the Kṣatriya caste (warrior/ruler class)

feminine form of kṣatriya

Note: Refers to the mother in the union.

व्यतिक्रमात् (vyatikramāt) - specifically refers to pratiloma unions, where the father is of a lower caste than the mother (due to transgression, by inverted order (pratiloma))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama

vyatikrama - transgression, violation, inversion, reverse order

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)