महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-31

यदृच्छयोपसंपन्नैर्यज्ञसाधुबहिष्कृतैः ।
बाह्या बाह्यैस्तु जायन्ते यथावृत्ति यथाश्रयम् ॥३१॥

31. yadṛcchayopasaṁpannairyajñasādhubahiṣkṛtaiḥ ,
bāhyā bāhyaistu jāyante yathāvṛtti yathāśrayam.

31. yadṛcchayā upasaṃpannaiḥ yajñasādhubahiṣkṛtaiḥ
bāhyā bāhyaiḥ tu jāyante yathāvṛtti yathāśrayam

31. Those who have by chance joined (these mixed groups), being excluded from Vedic rituals (yajña) and proper society, become outcasts even among outcasts, according to their conduct and their dwelling place.

Words meanings summery:

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, by one's own will, spontaneously

• उपसंपन्नैः (upasaṁpannaiḥ) - refers to individuals who have fallen into or joined these mixed groups (by those who have approached, by those who have attained, by those who have joined)

• यज्ञसाधुबहिष्कृतैः (yajñasādhubahiṣkṛtaiḥ) - refers to exclusion from religious rites and virtuous people/community (by those excluded from Vedic rituals and proper society)

• बाह्या (bāhyā) - used substantively here to mean 'outcasts' (outcasts, external ones)

• बाह्यैः (bāhyaiḥ) - denotes the group within which they become outcasts (by outcasts, among outcasts)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, become

• यथावृत्ति (yathāvṛtti) - according to their conduct, according to their livelihood

• यथाश्रयम् (yathāśrayam) - according to their dwelling, according to their abode

Words meanings and morphology

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, by one's own will, spontaneously

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - chance, accident, free will, spontaneity

from yad (what) + ṛcchā (wish)

Root: ṛch (class 1)

उपसंपन्नैः (upasaṁpannaiḥ) - refers to individuals who have fallen into or joined these mixed groups (by those who have approached, by those who have attained, by those who have joined)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upasaṃpanna

upasaṁpanna - approached, attained, furnished with, joined

Past Passive Participle

from upa + sam + √pad 'to go, to fall into, to happen'

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'jāyante' (those who are born).

यज्ञसाधुबहिष्कृतैः (yajñasādhubahiṣkṛtaiḥ) - refers to exclusion from religious rites and virtuous people/community (by those excluded from Vedic rituals and proper society)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajñasādhubahiṣkṛta

yajñasādhubahiṣkṛta - excluded from Vedic rituals and good/virtuous people/society

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (combination) (yajña+sādhu+bahiṣkṛta)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship
  noun (masculine)
  from √yaj 'to worship, sacrifice'
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, holy man
  noun (masculine)
  from √sādh 'to accomplish, succeed'
  Root: sādh (class 5)
• bahiṣkṛta – excluded, expelled, ostracized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from bahiṣ + √kṛ 'to do/make'
  Prefix: bahiṣ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'upasaṃpannaiḥ'.

बाह्या (bāhyā) - used substantively here to mean 'outcasts' (outcasts, external ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāhya

bāhya - external, outer, outcast, foreign

from bahiṣ (outside) + ya (suffix)

Note: It is the subject of 'jāyante'.

बाह्यैः (bāhyaiḥ) - denotes the group within which they become outcasts (by outcasts, among outcasts)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāhya

bāhya - external, outer, outcast, foreign

from bahiṣ (outside) + ya (suffix)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or slight contrast.

जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jan

Present Indicative

ātmanepada, 3rd person plural, Present Tense, from root √jan (class 4)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used in a passive sense: 'they are born' or 'they become'.

यथावृत्ति (yathāvṛtti) - according to their conduct, according to their livelihood

(indeclinable)

an indeclinable compound (avyayībhāva)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtti)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• vṛtti – conduct, behavior, livelihood, activity
  noun (feminine)
  from √vṛt 'to turn, exist', with -ti suffix
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: It functions as an adverbial phrase.

यथाश्रयम् (yathāśrayam) - according to their dwelling, according to their abode

(indeclinable)

an indeclinable compound (avyayībhāva)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+āśraya)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• āśraya – dwelling, abode, refuge, resort
  noun (masculine)
  from ā + √śri 'to lean on, resort to'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: It functions as an adverbial phrase.