महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-30

चतुर्णामेव वर्णानां धर्मो नान्यस्य विद्यते ।
वर्णानां धर्महीनेषु संज्ञा नास्तीह कस्यचित् ॥३०॥

30. caturṇāmeva varṇānāṁ dharmo nānyasya vidyate ,
varṇānāṁ dharmahīneṣu saṁjñā nāstīha kasyacit.

30. caturṇām eva varṇānām dharmaḥ na anyasya vidyate
varṇānām dharmahīneṣu saṃjñā na asti iha kasyacit

30. The intrinsic nature (dharma) and prescribed duties exist only for the four social classes (varṇa), not for any other. Among those devoid of this intrinsic nature (dharma), there is no specific designation here for anyone.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - refers to the four principal social classes (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra) (of the social classes, of the colors)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - refers to the ethical and social order, intrinsic nature, or prescribed conduct (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue)

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यस्य (anyasya) - refers to other (non-varṇa) groups or individuals (of another, of someone else)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - refers to the social classes mentioned earlier in the verse (of the social classes)

• धर्महीनेषु (dharmahīneṣu) - refers to individuals or groups who do not adhere to their prescribed duties or intrinsic nature (among those devoid of (natural law) dharma, among the unrighteous)

• संज्ञा (saṁjñā) - designation, name, common term, consciousness

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - used with 'na' for 'of no one' (of anyone, of someone)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of catur

catur - four

numeral

Note: Agrees with 'varṇānām'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - refers to the four principal social classes (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra) (of the social classes, of the colors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, class, caste (social division), letter (of alphabet)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - refers to the ethical and social order, intrinsic nature, or prescribed conduct (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

from √dhṛ 'to hold, support', with -man suffix

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्यस्य (anyasya) - refers to other (non-varṇa) groups or individuals (of another, of someone else)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, Present Tense, from root √vid (class 4 or ātmanepada of class 2 for 'to exist')

Root: vid (class 4)

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - refers to the social classes mentioned earlier in the verse (of the social classes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, class, caste (social division), letter (of alphabet)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used here with 'dharmahīneṣu' to mean 'among the social classes devoid of dharma'.

धर्महीनेषु (dharmahīneṣu) - refers to individuals or groups who do not adhere to their prescribed duties or intrinsic nature (among those devoid of (natural law) dharma, among the unrighteous)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharmahīna

dharmahīna - devoid of dharma, unrighteous, unprincipled

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+hīna)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
  noun (masculine)
  from √dhṛ 'to hold, support', with -man suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• hīna – devoid of, deficient in, abandoned, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √hā 'to abandon, quit'
  Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Used substantively to mean 'among those who are without dharma'.

संज्ञा (saṁjñā) - designation, name, common term, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - designation, name, common term, consciousness, knowledge

from sam + √jñā 'to know'

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, Present Tense

Root: as (class 2)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - used with 'na' for 'of no one' (of anyone, of someone)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone

from kim (who) + cid (particle), making the pronoun indefinite