महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य कर्माणि चातुर्वर्ण्यं च केवलम् ।
असृजत्स ह यज्ञार्थे पूर्वमेव प्रजापतिः ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi cāturvarṇyaṁ ca kevalam ,
asṛjatsa ha yajñārthe pūrvameva prajāpatiḥ.

3. bhīṣma uvāca cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi cāturvarṇyam ca
kevalam asṛjat sa ha yajñārthe pūrvam eva prajāpatiḥ

3. bhīṣma uvāca ha prajāpatiḥ eva pūrvam yajñārthe
cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi ca kevalam cāturvarṇyam sa asṛjat

3. Bhīṣma said: 'Indeed, Prajāpati, the lord of creation, originally created the system of four social orders (cāturvarṇya) and their specific duties (karma) solely for the purpose of the Vedic ritual (yajña).'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhīṣma (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes (cāturvarṇya) (of the four classes, of the four social orders, of the four castes)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - duties (karma) (actions, deeds, duties (karma))

• चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four social classes (cāturvarṇya) (the system of four classes, the four social orders)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• केवलम् (kevalam) - solely (solely, only, merely, entirely)

• असृजत् (asṛjat) - created (created, emitted, let loose)

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, truly, assuredly)

• यज्ञार्थे (yajñārthe) - for the purpose of the Vedic ritual (yajña) (for the purpose of yajña, for the sake of ritual)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - originally (before, formerly, earlier, first)

• एव (eva) - solely (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati, the lord of creation (lord of creation, creator, a primeval being)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhīṣma (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of the Kuru patriarch

From root bhī- (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes (cāturvarṇya) (of the four classes, of the four social orders, of the four castes)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four social classes or castes

Derived from caturvarṇa (four classes).

Note: Refers to the karmāṇi of the four classes.

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - duties (karma) (actions, deeds, duties (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, duty, fate, karma

From root kṛ- (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of asṛjat.

चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four social classes (cāturvarṇya) (the system of four classes, the four social orders)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four social classes or castes

Derived from caturvarṇa (four classes).

Note: Object of asṛjat.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects karmāṇi and cāturvarṇyam.

केवलम् (kevalam) - solely (solely, only, merely, entirely)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - sole, only, alone, entire, pure, absolute

Note: Adverbial use, modifying asṛjat for yajñārthe.

असृजत् (asṛjat) - created (created, emitted, let loose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sṛj

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, parasmaipada.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Main verb.

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Prajāpati.

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, truly, assuredly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

यज्ञार्थे (yajñārthe) - for the purpose of the Vedic ritual (yajña) (for the purpose of yajña, for the sake of ritual)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yajñārtha

yajñārtha - purpose of yajña, for the sake of ritual

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+artha)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj- (to worship).
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, gain
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial locative indicating purpose.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - originally (before, formerly, earlier, first)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, earlier, prior, first

Note: Adverbial use.

एव (eva) - solely (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati, the lord of creation (lord of creation, creator, a primeval being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creation, creator, progenitor, a class of primeval beings

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (prajā+pati)

• prajā – offspring, progeny, subjects, creation
  noun (feminine)
  From root jan- (to be born) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of asṛjat.