महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-13

शूद्रादायोगवश्चापि वैश्यायां ग्रामधर्मिणः ।
ब्राह्मणैरप्रतिग्राह्यस्तक्षा स वनजीवनः ॥१३॥

13. śūdrādāyogavaścāpi vaiśyāyāṁ grāmadharmiṇaḥ ,
brāhmaṇairapratigrāhyastakṣā sa vanajīvanaḥ.

13. śūdrāt āyogavaḥ ca api vaiśyāyām grāmadharmiṇaḥ
brāhmaṇaiḥ apratigrāhyaḥ takṣā saḥ vanajīvanaḥ

13. śūdrāt vaiśyāyām āyogavaḥ ca api grāmadharmiṇaḥ
saḥ takṣā vanajīvanaḥ brāhmaṇaiḥ apratigrāhyaḥ

13. And also, an Ayogava, who engages in village crafts, is born from a Śūdra man in a Vaiśyā woman. He is a carpenter who sustains himself from the forest, and Brāhmaṇas should not accept gifts from him.

Words meanings summery:

• शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a man of the fourth caste (laborer) (from a Śūdra man)

• आयोगवः (āyogavaḥ) - here refers to a mixed caste person, often skilled in crafts (an Ayogava (a mixed caste), a carpenter, blacksmith)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - in a woman of the merchant/farmer class (vaiśyā) (in a Vaiśyā (female))

• ग्रामधर्मिणः (grāmadharmiṇaḥ) - qualifies Ayogava (practicing village customs/crafts, living according to village rules)

• ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by men of the priestly class (by Brāhmaṇas)

• अप्रतिग्राह्यः (apratigrāhyaḥ) - qualifies the Ayogava/Takṣā (not to be accepted, from whom gifts are not to be received)

• तक्षा (takṣā) - refers to the profession of the Ayogava (carpenter, builder, wood-worker)

• सः (saḥ) - refers to the Ayogava (he, that)

• वनजीवनः (vanajīvanaḥ) - qualifies the Ayogava/Takṣā (living in/by the forest (wood))

Words meanings and morphology

शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a man of the fourth caste (laborer) (from a Śūdra man)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a man of the fourth and lowest of the four principal castes (laborer, servant)

आयोगवः (āyogavaḥ) - here refers to a mixed caste person, often skilled in crafts (an Ayogava (a mixed caste), a carpenter, blacksmith)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyogava

āyogava - a mixed caste (Śūdra male + Vaiśyā female); a carpenter, a blacksmith, an artisan

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - in a woman of the merchant/farmer class (vaiśyā) (in a Vaiśyā (female))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vaiśyā

vaiśyā - a woman of the Vaiśya caste

feminine form of vaiśya

Note: Refers to the mother in the union.

ग्रामधर्मिणः (grāmadharmiṇaḥ) - qualifies Ayogava (practicing village customs/crafts, living according to village rules)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grāmadharmin

grāmadharmin - practicing village customs, engaged in village duties/professions

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāma+dharmin)

• grāma – village, rural
  noun (masculine)
• dharmin – possessing a quality, having a nature, practicing a (religious) custom
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from dharma + -in

ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by men of the priestly class (by Brāhmaṇas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brāhmaṇa, a member of the priestly caste

Note: Refers to the recipients of gifts (or non-recipients).

अप्रतिग्राह्यः (apratigrāhyaḥ) - qualifies the Ayogava/Takṣā (not to be accepted, from whom gifts are not to be received)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apratigrāhya

apratigrāhya - not to be taken, not to be accepted; from whom nothing should be accepted (especially gifts)

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

prefix a- (negation) + prati- (upasarga) + root grah- (to seize, take) + -ya (gerundive suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratigrāhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• pratigrāhya – to be accepted, acceptable for gifts
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  prati- (upasarga) + root grah- (to seize, take) + -ya (gerundive suffix)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: grah (class 9)

तक्षा (takṣā) - refers to the profession of the Ayogava (carpenter, builder, wood-worker)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of takṣan

takṣan - a carpenter, joiner, wood-worker, builder

Root: takṣ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - refers to the Ayogava (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वनजीवनः (vanajīvanaḥ) - qualifies the Ayogava/Takṣā (living in/by the forest (wood))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanajīvana

vanajīvana - living in the forest, living by means of the forest (e.g., wood)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+jīvana)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• jīvana – living, livelihood, means of subsistence
  noun (neuter)
  derived from verb root jīv- 'to live'
  Root: jīv (class 1)