महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-48, verse-29

इत्येताः संकरे जात्यः पितृमातृव्यतिक्रमात् ।
प्रच्छन्ना वा प्रकाशा वा वेदितव्याः स्वकर्मभिः ॥२९॥

29. ityetāḥ saṁkare jātyaḥ pitṛmātṛvyatikramāt ,
pracchannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ.

29. iti etāḥ saṃkare jātyaḥ pitṛmātṛvyatikramāt
pracchannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ

29. Thus, these castes are born from the intermixture (saṃkara) resulting from unions transgressing the norms of father and mother. They should be recognized, whether concealed or open, by their inherent actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• एताः (etāḥ) - these (feminine plural)

• संकरे (saṁkare) - in intermixture, in confusion of castes

• जात्यः (jātyaḥ) - specifically refers to the various mixed castes mentioned in this context (castes, classes of beings, species)

• पितृमातृव्यतिक्रमात् (pitṛmātṛvyatikramāt) - refers to the cause of the mixed castes (from the transgression of father and mother, due to improper unions of parents)

• प्रच्छन्ना (pracchannā) - hidden, concealed

• वा (vā) - or

• प्रकाशा (prakāśā) - manifest, open, evident

• वा (vā) - or

• वेदितव्याः (veditavyāḥ) - to be known, should be recognized

• स्वकर्मभिः (svakarmabhiḥ) - by their own actions, by their characteristic deeds

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

एताः (etāḥ) - these (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'jātyaḥ'.

संकरे (saṁkare) - in intermixture, in confusion of castes

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkara

saṁkara - mixing, confusion, intermixture (especially of castes), hybrid

from saṃ + √kṛ 'to mix, to do'

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जात्यः (jātyaḥ) - specifically refers to the various mixed castes mentioned in this context (castes, classes of beings, species)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of jāti

jāti - birth, lineage, family, caste, species, kind

from √jan 'to be born', with -ti suffix

Root: jan (class 4)

पितृमातृव्यतिक्रमात् (pitṛmātṛvyatikramāt) - refers to the cause of the mixed castes (from the transgression of father and mother, due to improper unions of parents)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pitṛmātṛvyatikrama

pitṛmātṛvyatikrama - transgression concerning father and mother, deviation from norms of parental unions

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+mātṛ+vyatikrama)

• pitṛ – father, paternal
  noun (masculine)
• mātṛ – mother, maternal
  noun (feminine)
• vyatikrama – transgression, violation, inversion
  noun (masculine)
  from vi + ati + √kram 'to step over, transgress'
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

प्रच्छन्ना (pracchannā) - hidden, concealed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pracchanna

pracchanna - hidden, concealed, covered

Past Passive Participle

from pra + √chad 'to cover'

Prefix: pra

Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jātyaḥ'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

प्रकाशा (prakāśā) - manifest, open, evident

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, manifestation, open, visible

from pra + √kāś 'to shine, appear'

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jātyaḥ'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

वेदितव्याः (veditavyāḥ) - to be known, should be recognized

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of veditavya

veditavya - to be known, knowable

Gerundive

from √vid 'to know' with -tavya suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'jātyaḥ'.

स्वकर्मभिः (svakarmabhiḥ) - by their own actions, by their characteristic deeds

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of svakarma

svakarma - one's own action, characteristic deed, natural duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karma)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• karma – action, deed, work, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  from √kṛ 'to do, make', with -man suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the distinguishing characteristic of these castes.