महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-145, verse-22

रुद्रस्य भागं यज्ञे च विशिष्टं ते त्वकल्पयन् ।
भयेन त्रिदशा राजञ्शरणं च प्रपेदिरे ॥२२॥

22. rudrasya bhāgaṁ yajñe ca viśiṣṭaṁ te tvakalpayan ,
bhayena tridaśā rājañśaraṇaṁ ca prapedire.

22. rudrasya bhāgam yajñe ca viśiṣṭam te tu akalpayan
bhayena tridaśāḥ rājan śaraṇam ca prapediire

22. And indeed, O King, they allotted a special share to Rudra in the (yajña) Vedic ritual. The deities (tridaśāḥ), out of fear, also took refuge in him.

Words meanings summery:

• रुद्रस्य (rudrasya) - of Rudra

• भागम् (bhāgam) - share, portion

• यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the Vedic ritual (yajña)

• च (ca) - and

• विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - special, distinguished, particular

• ते (te) - those, they

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• अकल्पयन् (akalpayan) - they allotted, they assigned, they arranged

• भयेन (bhayena) - by fear, out of fear

• त्रिदशाः (tridaśāḥ) - the deities, the gods

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter

• च (ca) - and

• प्रपेदिइरे (prapediire) - they took refuge, they resorted to

Words meanings and morphology

रुद्रस्य (rudrasya) - of Rudra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva); a howler, a roarer

Root: rud (class 2)

भागम् (bhāgam) - share, portion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāga

bhāga - share, portion, part, lot

From root 'bhaj' (to divide, allot).

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'akalpayan'.

यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the Vedic ritual (yajña)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, religious offering, worship, devotion

From root 'yaj' (to worship, offer).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the context or location for the action.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - special, distinguished, particular

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, peculiar, special, excellent

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śiṣ' (to distinguish) with prefix 'vi', and suffix '-kta'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāgam'.

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the gods mentioned previously, acting as the subject of 'akalpayan'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

Particle, used for emphasis or contrast.

अकल्पयन् (akalpayan) - they allotted, they assigned, they arranged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kḷp

Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd plural

Causative verb from root 'kḷp' (to be ordered, arranged) in Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, Parasmaipada (a-kalpay-an).

Root: kḷp (class 10)

Note: Subject is 'te'.

भयेन (bhayena) - by fear, out of fear

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

From root 'bhī' (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Denotes the cause or reason.

त्रिदशाः (tridaśāḥ) - the deities, the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tridaśa

tridaśa - god, deity (literally 'having thirty')

Compound meaning 'thirty', referring to the 33 Vedic deities. Bahuvrīhi compound: 'tri' (three) + 'daśa' (ten).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (tri+daśa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• daśa – ten
  numeral

Note: Subject of 'prapediire'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to the listener.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, retreat

From root 'śṛ' (to crush, break) or 'śrā' (to depend on).

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of 'prapediire'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

प्रपेदिइरे (prapediire) - they took refuge, they resorted to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of pra-pad

Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd plural

Root 'pad' (to go, fall) with prefix 'pra', in Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'tridaśāḥ'.