महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-145, verse-12

ते न शर्म कुतः शान्तिं विषादं लेभिरे सुराः ।
विद्रुते सहसा यज्ञे कुपिते च महेश्वरे ॥१२॥

12. te na śarma kutaḥ śāntiṁ viṣādaṁ lebhire surāḥ ,
vidrute sahasā yajñe kupite ca maheśvare.

12. te na śarma kutaḥ śāntim viṣādam lebhire
surāḥ vidrute sahasā yajñe kupite ca maheśvare

12. surāḥ te śarma śāntim kutaḥ na lebhire sahasā
yajñe vidrute ca maheśvare kupite viṣādam lebhire

12. How could those gods find comfort or peace? They only experienced despair when the (Vedic ritual) (yajña) was suddenly disrupted and Maheśvara became enraged.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the gods (referring to `surāḥ`) (they, those)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• शर्म (śarma) - comfort (happiness, comfort, refuge)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how (could they get?) (whence, from where, how, why)

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace (peace, tranquility, cessation)

• विषादम् (viṣādam) - despair (despair, despondency, dejection)

• लेभिरे (lebhire) - they obtained (they obtained, they got)

• सुराः (surāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

• विद्रुते (vidrute) - when disrupted/scattered (scattered, dissolved, fled)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcefully, by force)

• यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the (Vedic ritual) (in the (Vedic ritual), in the worship, in the sacrifice)

• कुपिते (kupite) - when enraged (enraged, angered)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महेश्वरे (maheśvare) - when Maheśvara (Śiva) (in Maheśvara, when Maheśvara)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the gods (referring to `surāḥ`) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

शर्म (śarma) - comfort (happiness, comfort, refuge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarman

śarman - happiness, comfort, protection, refuge

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how (could they get?) (whence, from where, how, why)

(indeclinable)

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace (peace, tranquility, cessation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, quiet, cessation, pacification

विषादम् (viṣādam) - despair (despair, despondency, dejection)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, despair, sadness

From √sad with vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

लेभिरे (lebhire) - they obtained (they obtained, they got)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (Lit) of √labh

Perfect, Middle Voice

3rd plural, middle voice, perfect tense.

Root: labh (class 1)

सुराः (surāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

विद्रुते (vidrute) - when disrupted/scattered (scattered, dissolved, fled)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vidruta

vidruta - scattered, fled, dispersed, dissolved

Past Passive Participle

From √dru (to run) with vi, P.P.P.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to qualify `yajñe`.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcefully, by force)

(indeclinable)

Instrumentative adverb from `sahas` (force).

यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the (Vedic ritual) (in the (Vedic ritual), in the worship, in the sacrifice)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - (Vedic ritual), worship, sacrifice, oblation

From √yaj (to worship, sacrifice).

Root: yaj (class 1)

कुपिते (kupite) - when enraged (enraged, angered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From √kup (to be angry), P.P.P.

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Used adjectivally to qualify `maheśvare`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

महेश्वरे (maheśvare) - when Maheśvara (Śiva) (in Maheśvara, when Maheśvara)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - great lord, a name of Śiva

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `īśvara` (lord).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• īśvara – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)
  From √īś (to rule, to be master of).
  Root: īś (class 2)