महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-145, verse-19

ततः प्रणेमुर्देवास्ते वेपमानाः स्म शंकरम् ।
पुनश्च संदधे रुद्रो दीप्तं सुनिशितं शरम् ॥१९॥

19. tataḥ praṇemurdevāste vepamānāḥ sma śaṁkaram ,
punaśca saṁdadhe rudro dīptaṁ suniśitaṁ śaram.

19. tataḥ praṇemuḥ devāḥ te vepamānāḥ sma śaṅkaram |
punaḥ ca saṃdadhe rudraḥ dīptam suniśitam śaram

19. tataḥ te vepamānāḥ devāḥ śaṅkaram praṇemuḥ sma
punaḥ ca rudraḥ dīptam suniśitam śaram saṃdadhe

19. Then those trembling gods bowed down to Śaṅkara. And again, Rudra strung a blazing, very sharp arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefrom

• प्रणेमुः (praṇemuḥ) - they bowed down, they prostrated

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• ते (te) - Those gods mentioned previously. (those, they)

• वेपमानाः (vepamānāḥ) - trembling, shaking

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (past tense indicator)

• शङ्करम् (śaṅkaram) - To Lord Śaṅkara (Shiva). (to Śaṅkara (a name of Shiva))

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• च (ca) - and

• संदधे (saṁdadhe) - He strung (an arrow on a bow). (he strung, he placed, he fixed)

• रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - The deity Rudra (Shiva). (Rudra (a name of Shiva))

• दीप्तम् (dīptam) - blazing, shining, fiery

• सुनिशितम् (suniśitam) - very sharp, well-sharpened

• शरम् (śaram) - arrow

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefrom

(indeclinable)

प्रणेमुः (praṇemuḥ) - they bowed down, they prostrated

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of nam

Perfect active

3rd person plural, perfect active, Parasmaipada, with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'praṇemuḥ'.

ते (te) - Those gods mentioned previously. (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'devāḥ'.

वेपमानाः (vepamānāḥ) - trembling, shaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vepamāna

vepamāna - trembling, shaking, quivering

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √vep (to tremble) + present participle suffix -māna.

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (past tense indicator)

(indeclinable)

शङ्करम् (śaṅkaram) - To Lord Śaṅkara (Shiva). (to Śaṅkara (a name of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkara

śaṅkara - Śaṅkara (a name of Shiva); causing prosperity, beneficent, auspicious

Compound of śam (welfare, prosperity) and kara (making, causing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śam+kara)

• śam – welfare, auspiciousness, good fortune
  indeclinable
• kara – making, causing, doing, hand
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -a.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'praṇemuḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

संदधे (saṁdadhe) - He strung (an arrow on a bow). (he strung, he placed, he fixed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of dhā

Perfect middle

3rd person singular, perfect middle, Ātmanepada, with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - The deity Rudra (Shiva). (Rudra (a name of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a Vedic deity, associated with wind, storms, hunt, and later identified with Shiva); howling, terrible

From root √rud (to cry, howl).

Root: rud (class 2)

दीप्तम् (dīptam) - blazing, shining, fiery

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - blazing, shining, fiery, inflamed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dīp (to shine, blaze) with suffix -ta.

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

सुनिशितम् (suniśitam) - very sharp, well-sharpened

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suniśita

suniśita - very sharp, well-sharpened, exquisitely pointed

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su- (well, good) and niśita (sharpened, keen). Niśita from root √śi (to sharpen) with prefix ni.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+niśita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good, well'.
• niśita – sharpened, keen, pointed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √śi (to sharpen) with prefix ni- and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: śi (class 2)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

शरम् (śaram) - arrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

From √śṛ (to injure, break).

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of 'saṃdadhe'.