महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-103, verse-25

स तु तैस्तैः प्रदानैश्च तपोभिर्नियमैस्तथा ।
पतितोऽपि महाराज भूतले स्मृतिमानभूत् ।
प्रसादयामास भृगुं शापान्तो मे भवेदिति ॥२५॥

25. sa tu taistaiḥ pradānaiśca tapobhirniyamaistathā ,
patito'pi mahārāja bhūtale smṛtimānabhūt ,
prasādayāmāsa bhṛguṁ śāpānto me bhavediti.

25. saḥ tu taiḥ taiḥ pradānaiḥ ca tapobhiḥ
niyamaiḥ tathā patitaḥ api mahārāja
bhūtale smṛtimān abhūt prasādayāmāsa
bhṛgum śāpa antaḥ me bhavet iti

25. mahārāja tu saḥ bhūtale patitaḥ api
taiḥ taiḥ pradānaiḥ ca tapobhiḥ
niyamaiḥ tathā smṛtimān abhūt bhṛgum
prasādayāmāsa iti me śāpa antaḥ bhavet

25. But, O great king, even after falling to the ground, he (Nahusha) remained mindful and, through various gifts, ascetic practices (tapas), and self-restraints, propitiated Bhrigu, saying, 'May there be an end to my curse!'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Nahusha) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but (indicates a contrast or continuation) (but, however, indeed)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (various) (by those)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by various (those various) (by those (repeated for emphasis or variety))

• प्रदानैः (pradānaiḥ) - by gifts (by gifts, by offerings, by donations)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by ascetic practices (tapas) (by austerities, by ascetic practices, by penances)

• नियमैः (niyamaiḥ) - by self-restraints (by restraints, by vows, by observances)

• तथा (tathā) - and (connecting the list of means) (thus, also, and so)

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen (into the form of a snake) (fallen, descended)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Yudhishthira) (O great king)

• भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• स्मृतिमान् (smṛtimān) - remained mindful (mindful, endowed with memory)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became (became, was)

• प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - he propitiated (Bhrigu) (he propitiated, he pleased, he sought favor)

• भृगुम् (bhṛgum) - Bhrigu (the sage) (Bhrigu)

• शाप (śāpa) - curse (curse, imprecation)

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - end (of the curse) (end, conclusion, limit)

• मे (me) - my, for me (to me, my, for me)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may it be (an appeal for the end of the curse) (may it be, should be, would be)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of Nahusha's plea) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Nahusha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but (indicates a contrast or continuation) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (various) (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the following means (gifts, austerities, vows).

तैः (taiḥ) - by various (those various) (by those (repeated for emphasis or variety))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Repetition implies 'various' or 'all those'.

प्रदानैः (pradānaiḥ) - by gifts (by gifts, by offerings, by donations)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of pradāna

pradāna - gift, offering, donation

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by ascetic practices (tapas) (by austerities, by ascetic practices, by penances)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tapas

tapas - austerity, asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Original Sanskrit word 'tapas' transliterated in translation.

नियमैः (niyamaiḥ) - by self-restraints (by restraints, by vows, by observances)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niyama

niyama - restraint, self-control, observance, vow, rule

Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain) with prefix 'ni-'

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and (connecting the list of means) (thus, also, and so)

(indeclinable)

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen (into the form of a snake) (fallen, descended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Yudhishthira) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : Karma-Dhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhūtala

bhūtala - ground, earth's surface

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhū+tala)

• bhū – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane
  noun (neuter)

स्मृतिमान् (smṛtimān) - remained mindful (mindful, endowed with memory)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛtimat

smṛtimat - mindful, having memory

Possessive suffix '-mat' added to 'smṛti'

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: This adjective modifies Nahusha.

अभूत् (abhūt) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist

Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The 'a' prefix here is augment of aorist.

प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - he propitiated (Bhrigu) (he propitiated, he pleased, he sought favor)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prasāday

Causative, Reduplicated Perfect

Causative of 'sad' (to sit, to settle) with prefix 'pra-'. Periphrastic perfect with 'āmāsa'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Represents a periphrastic perfect using a form of `ās` with the stem.

भृगुम् (bhṛgum) - Bhrigu (the sage) (Bhrigu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhṛgu

bhṛgu - Bhrigu (a sage)

Note: Object of 'propitiated'.

शाप (śāpa) - curse (curse, imprecation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Part of compound 'śāpānta'.

अन्तः (antaḥ) - end (of the curse) (end, conclusion, limit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, conclusion, limit

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śāpa+anta)

• śāpa – curse, imprecation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śap (class 1)
• anta – end, conclusion
  noun (masculine)

Note: This is the second part of the compound 'śāpānta', here it forms the nominative masculine singular form. The full compound 'śāpānta' is 'end of curse'.

मे (me) - my, for me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may it be (an appeal for the end of the curse) (may it be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative

Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of Nahusha's plea) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to denote direct quotation.