महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-103, verse-23

इत्युक्तः स तदा तेन सर्पो भूत्वा पपात ह ।
अदृष्टेनाथ भृगुणा भूतले भरतर्षभ ॥२३॥

23. ityuktaḥ sa tadā tena sarpo bhūtvā papāta ha ,
adṛṣṭenātha bhṛguṇā bhūtale bharatarṣabha.

23. iti uktaḥ saḥ tadā tena sarpaḥ bhūtvā papāta
ha adṛṣṭena atha bhṛguṇā bhūtale bharatarṣabha

23. bharatarṣabha tena iti uktaḥ saḥ tadā sarpaḥ
bhūtvā adṛṣṭena bhṛguṇā bhūtale papāta ha

23. O best of Bharatas, thus cursed by him (Bhrigu), he (Nahusha) then transformed into a snake and fell to the ground, unseen by Bhrigu.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus (referring to the curse) (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - cursed, addressed (with a curse) (spoken, said, told, addressed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Nahusha) (he, that)

• तदा (tadā) - then (after being cursed) (then, at that time)

• तेन (tena) - by him (by Bhrigu) (by him, by that)

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a snake (snake, serpent)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become (a snake) (having been, having become)

• पपात (papāta) - fell down (fell, descended)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

• अदृष्टेन (adṛṣṭena) - by the unperceiving (Bhrigu), unnoticed by (by the unseen, by the unperceived)

• अथ (atha) - then (connecting the preceding with the following) (then, now, thereupon)

• भृगुणा (bhṛguṇā) - by Bhrigu (the sage who cursed Nahusha) (by Bhrigu)

• भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (an address to Yudhishthira) (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus (referring to the curse) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - cursed, addressed (with a curse) (spoken, said, told, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Nahusha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then (after being cursed) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' + suffix 'dā'

तेन (tena) - by him (by Bhrigu) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a snake (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Root: sṛp (class 1)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become (a snake) (having been, having become)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'bhū' (to be, to become) with suffix '-tvā'

Root: bhū (class 1)

पपात (papāta) - fell down (fell, descended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pat

Reduplicated Perfect

Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: pat (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

अदृष्टेन (adṛṣṭena) - by the unperceiving (Bhrigu), unnoticed by (by the unseen, by the unperceived)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adṛṣṭa

adṛṣṭa - unseen, unperceived

Past Passive Participle

Negation of 'dṛṣṭa' (seen), derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix 'a-'

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dṛṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhrigu, in instrumental case.

अथ (atha) - then (connecting the preceding with the following) (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

भृगुणा (bhṛguṇā) - by Bhrigu (the sage who cursed Nahusha) (by Bhrigu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhṛgu

bhṛgu - Bhrigu (a sage)

भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhūtala

bhūtala - ground, earth's surface

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhū+tala)

• bhū – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane
  noun (neuter)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (an address to Yudhishthira) (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)