महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-79, verse-42

एवं ब्रह्मानधीयानं राजा यश्च न रक्षिता ।
न वर्षति च यो मेघः सर्व एते निरर्थकाः ॥४२॥

42. evaṁ brahmānadhīyānaṁ rājā yaśca na rakṣitā ,
na varṣati ca yo meghaḥ sarva ete nirarthakāḥ.

42. evam brahma anadhīyānam rājā yaḥ ca na rakṣitā
na varṣati ca yaḥ meghaḥ sarve ete nirarthakāḥ

42. evam brahma anadhīyānam ca yaḥ rājā na rakṣitā
ca yaḥ meghaḥ na varṣati ete sarve nirarthakāḥ

42. Thus, a person who does not study sacred knowledge (brahman), and a king who does not protect, and a cloud that does not rain—all these are useless.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - sacred knowledge (brahman) (Veda, sacred knowledge)

• अनधीयानम् (anadhīyānam) - one who does not study the Veda (not studying, one who does not study)

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, no

• रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - a protector

• न (na) - not, no

• वर्षति (varṣati) - (it) rains

• च (ca) - and

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• मेघः (meghaḥ) - a cloud

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• एते (ete) - these

• निरर्थकाः (nirarthakāḥ) - useless, meaningless

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्म (brahma) - sacred knowledge (brahman) (Veda, sacred knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - sacred word, Veda, sacred knowledge, Brahman (the Absolute)

Note: object of 'anadhīyānam'

अनधीयानम् (anadhīyānam) - one who does not study the Veda (not studying, one who does not study)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anadhīyāna

anadhīyāna - not studying, unlearned, unobservant

Present Middle Participle (negated)

derived from root i (to go, study) with prefix adhi and negated by 'a'. Formed with Śānac affix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+adhīyāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• adhīyāna – studying, learning
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  from root i with prefix adhi. Formed with Śānac affix.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to a person who does not study (brahman).

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - a protector

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣitṛ

rakṣitṛ - protector, guard

agent noun

derived from root rakṣ (to protect) + tṛ suffix

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वर्षति (varṣati) - (it) rains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛṣ

Present Indicative

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

मेघः (meghaḥ) - a cloud

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of megha

megha - cloud

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

निरर्थकाः (nirarthakāḥ) - useless, meaningless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirarthaka

nirarthaka - useless, purposeless, meaningless

derived from nir-arthaka (without purpose)

Compound type : avyayībhāva / bahuvrīhi (nir+artha+ka)

• nir – without, out of
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, use
  noun (masculine)
• ka – suffix indicating possession/belonging/making adjective
  suffix (masculine)