महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-79, verse-14

भीष्म उवाच ।
दानेन तपसा यज्ञैरद्रोहेण दमेन च ।
ब्राह्मणप्रमुखा वर्णाः क्षेममिच्छेयुरात्मनः ॥१४॥

14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
dānena tapasā yajñairadroheṇa damena ca ,
brāhmaṇapramukhā varṇāḥ kṣemamiccheyurātmanaḥ.

14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | dānena tapasā yajñaiḥ adroheṇa damena
ca | brāhmaṇa-pramukhāḥ varṇāḥ kṣemam iccheyuḥ ātmanaḥ

14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇa-pramukhāḥ varṇāḥ dānena tapasā
yajñaiḥ adroheṇa damena ca ātmanaḥ kṣemam iccheyuḥ

14. Bhīṣma said: "The social classes (varṇāḥ), led by the Brahmins, should desire the well-being (kṣema) of their inner self (ātman) through charity (dāna), austerity (tapas), sacrificial rituals (yajña), non-malice, and self-restraint."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दानेन (dānena) - by charity (dāna), by giving

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas), by penance

• यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrificial rituals (yajña), by sacrifices

• अद्रोहेण (adroheṇa) - by non-malice, by absence of injury

• दमेन (damena) - by self-restraint, by control

• च (ca) - and

• ब्राह्मण-प्रमुखाः (brāhmaṇa-pramukhāḥ) - led by Brahmins, with Brahmins as chief

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - the four social classes (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra) (social classes, colors)

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - well-being, welfare, security

• इच्छेयुः (iccheyuḥ) - they should desire, they would wish

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the inner self (ātman), of themselves

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a proper name); terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दानेन (dānena) - by charity (dāna), by giving

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - charity, gift, giving, donation

Verbal noun

From root dā (to give) with suffix -ana

Root: dā (class 3)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas), by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by sacrificial rituals (yajña), by sacrifices

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, sacrificial ritual, worship, devotion

Verbal noun

From root yaj (to sacrifice, worship) with suffix -na

Root: yaj (class 1)

अद्रोहेण (adroheṇa) - by non-malice, by absence of injury

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adroha

adroha - non-malice, absence of injury, goodwill

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+droha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• droha – malice, treachery, injury, mischief
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun
  From root druh (to injure, betray)
  Root: druh (class 4)

दमेन (damena) - by self-restraint, by control

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, self-control, taming

Verbal noun

From root dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मण-प्रमुखाः (brāhmaṇa-pramukhāḥ) - led by Brahmins, with Brahmins as chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa-pramukha

brāhmaṇa-pramukha - having Brahmins as chief, led by Brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+pramukha)

• brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin (member of the priestly class)
  noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost, led by
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mukh (class 1)

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - the four social classes (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra) (social classes, colors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, tint, appearance, external form; social class, caste, order

Verbal noun

From root vṛ (to cover, encompass, choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - well-being, welfare, security

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - well-being, welfare, prosperity, security, safety

Root: kṣi (class 1)

इच्छेयुः (iccheyuḥ) - they should desire, they would wish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the inner self (ātman), of themselves

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - inner self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, life, body