महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-79, verse-17

यदा तु विजयी राजा क्षेमं राष्ट्रेऽभिसंदधेत् ।
तदा वर्णा यथाधर्ममाविशेयुः स्वकर्मसु ॥१७॥

17. yadā tu vijayī rājā kṣemaṁ rāṣṭre'bhisaṁdadhet ,
tadā varṇā yathādharmamāviśeyuḥ svakarmasu.

17. yadā tu vijayī rājā kṣemam rāṣṭre abhisaṃdadhet
tadā varṇā yathādhamam āviśeyuḥ svakarmasu

17. yadā tu vijayī rājā rāṣṭre kṣemam abhisaṃdadhet
tadā varṇā yathādhamam svakarmasu āviśeyuḥ

17. But when a victorious king establishes prosperity in his kingdom, then the social classes (varṇa) should engage in their respective duties (karma) in accordance with their natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• विजयी (vijayī) - victorious (victorious, triumphant)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - prosperity (welfare, prosperity, security, peace)

• राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in his kingdom (in the kingdom, in the nation, in the country)

• अभिसंदधेत् (abhisaṁdadhet) - he should establish (he should establish, he should accomplish, he should bring about)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• वर्णा (varṇā) - the social classes (varṇa) (social classes, colors, castes)

• यथाधमम् (yathādhamam) - according to their natural law (dharma) (according to natural law (dharma), according to duty, according to rule)

• आविशेयुः (āviśeyuḥ) - they should engage in (they should enter, they should engage in, they should resort to)

• स्वकर्मसु (svakarmasu) - in their respective duties (karma) (in their own duties, in their own actions, in their own functions)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun `yat`.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to indicate contrast or emphasis.

विजयी (vijayī) - victorious (victorious, triumphant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijayin

vijayin - victorious, triumphant

Derived from `vi-ji` (to conquer) with suffix `-in`.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - prosperity (welfare, prosperity, security, peace)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - welfare, prosperity, security, peace

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Object of `abhisaṃdadhet`.

राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in his kingdom (in the kingdom, in the nation, in the country)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, nation, country

Root: rāj (class 1)

अभिसंदधेत् (abhisaṁdadhet) - he should establish (he should establish, he should accomplish, he should bring about)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of abhisaṃdadhā

Optative Active Third Person Singular

Derived from root `dhā` (to place, to put) with prefixes `abhi` and `sam`.

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun `tad`.

वर्णा (varṇā) - the social classes (varṇa) (social classes, colors, castes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - social class, color, caste

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Masculine nominative plural.

यथाधमम् (yathādhamam) - according to their natural law (dharma) (according to natural law (dharma), according to duty, according to rule)

(indeclinable)

Compound formed with `yathā` (as, according to) and `dharma`, adverbial in function.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+dharma)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

आविशेयुः (āviśeyuḥ) - they should engage in (they should enter, they should engage in, they should resort to)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āviś

Optative Active Third Person Plural

Derived from root `viś` (to enter) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

स्वकर्मसु (svakarmasu) - in their respective duties (karma) (in their own duties, in their own actions, in their own functions)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of svakarma

svakarma - one's own duty, one's own action

Compound type : tatpuruṣa/bahuvrīhi (sva+karma)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective
• karma – action, deed, duty, work
  noun (neuter)
  From root `kṛ` (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)