महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-79, verse-13

राजा त्राता न लोके स्यात्किं तदा स्यात्परायणम् ।
एतन्मे संशयं ब्रूहि विस्तरेण पितामह ॥१३॥

13. rājā trātā na loke syātkiṁ tadā syātparāyaṇam ,
etanme saṁśayaṁ brūhi vistareṇa pitāmaha.

13. rājā trātā na loke syāt kim tadā syāt parāyaṇam
| etat me saṃśayam brūhi vistareṇa pitāmaha

13. rājā trātā loke na syāt kim tadā syāt parāyaṇam
pitāmaha etat me saṃśayam vistareṇa brūhi

13. "If there is no protector (trātā) king (rājā) in the world, what then would be the ultimate refuge (parāyaṇa)? Please explain this doubt of mine in detail, O grandfather."

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• त्राता (trātā) - protector, saviour

• न (na) - not, no

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let there be, would be

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, wherefore?

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be

• परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate refuge, supreme resort, highest aim

• एतत् (etat) - this (neuter)

• मे (me) - my, of me

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt, uncertainty

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, explain (imperative)

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively, at length

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - addressing Bhīṣma, who is Yudhiṣṭhira's great-uncle/grandfather figure (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

त्राता (trātā) - protector, saviour

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trātṛ

trātṛ - protector, saviour, defender

Agent noun

Derived from root trā (to protect) with suffix -tṛ

Root: trā (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, universe, people

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let there be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, wherefore?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why, wherefore

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate refuge, supreme resort, highest aim

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - chief aim, ultimate refuge, final resort, principal object

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+ayaṇa)

• para – supreme, ultimate, highest, next, other
  adjective
• ayaṇa – going, course, path, way
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from root i (to go) with suffix -ana
  Root: i (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (neuter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my (first person pronoun)

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

Root: śī (class 2)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, explain (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively, at length

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - विस्तार, extension, expanse, detail, elaboration

Root: stṛ (class 6)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - addressing Bhīṣma, who is Yudhiṣṭhira's great-uncle/grandfather figure (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather; Brahmā (as the great father)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+mahā)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective