महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-321, verse-32

तेनैषा प्रथिता ब्रह्मन्मर्यादा लोकभाविनी ।
दैवं पित्र्यं च कर्तव्यमिति तस्यानुशासनम् ॥३२॥

32. tenaiṣā prathitā brahmanmaryādā lokabhāvinī ,
daivaṁ pitryaṁ ca kartavyamiti tasyānuśāsanam.

32. tena eṣā prathitā brahman maryādā lokabhāvinī
daivam pitryam ca kartavyam iti tasya anuśāsanam

32. brahman tena eṣā lokabhāvinī maryādā prathitā
daivam pitryam ca kartavyam iti tasya anuśāsanam

32. O brahmin, by that one, this custom that sustains the world has been established: 'The divine and ancestral duties must be performed.' This is his instruction.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by the ultimate principle mentioned earlier (by him, by that)

• एषा (eṣā) - this rule/custom (this, she)

• प्रथिता (prathitā) - this rule has been established (established, spread, famous, manifested)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - address to a Brahmin or wise person (O Brahmin)

• मर्यादा (maryādā) - this established rule or custom (limit, boundary, rule, custom, norm)

• लोकभाविनी (lokabhāvinī) - this rule sustains the world (maintaining the world, causing welfare of the world, producing the world)

• दैवम् (daivam) - the divine duties/rites (divine, godly, related to deities)

• पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - the ancestral duties/rites (ancestral, paternal, related to ancestors)

• च (ca) - connecting divine and ancestral duties (and)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - the divine and ancestral duties are to be performed (ought to be done, duty, must be performed)

• इति (iti) - marking the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this is what is called)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (the ultimate principle's) instruction (his, of him, of that)

• अनुशासनम् (anuśāsanam) - his teaching (instruction, command, teaching, discipline)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by the ultimate principle mentioned earlier (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the principle mentioned in the previous verse.

एषा (eṣā) - this rule/custom (this, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that (near)

Note: Refers to 'maryādā'.

प्रथिता (prathitā) - this rule has been established (established, spread, famous, manifested)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prathita

prathita - established, spread, known, famous, manifested

Past Passive Participle

from √prath (to spread, extend)

Root: prath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maryādā'.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - address to a Brahmin or wise person (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, sacred word, cosmic principle (brahman)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

मर्यादा (maryādā) - this established rule or custom (limit, boundary, rule, custom, norm)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maryādā

maryādā - limit, boundary, rule, custom, norm, proper conduct

लोकभाविनी (lokabhāvinī) - this rule sustains the world (maintaining the world, causing welfare of the world, producing the world)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of lokabhāvin

lokabhāvin - maintaining the world, causing welfare of the world, producing the world

from loka (world) + bhāvin (producing, causing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or upapada (loka+bhāvin)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
• bhāvin – being, becoming, future, producing, causing
  adjective
  from √bhū + -in
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maryādā'.

दैवम् (daivam) - the divine duties/rites (divine, godly, related to deities)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, godly, fate, destiny

derived from deva (god)

Note: Here used substantively as 'divine duty/rite'.

पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - the ancestral duties/rites (ancestral, paternal, related to ancestors)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pitrya

pitrya - ancestral, paternal, related to ancestors

derived from pitṛ (father, ancestor)

Note: Here used substantively as 'ancestral duty/rite'.

च (ca) - connecting divine and ancestral duties (and)

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - the divine and ancestral duties are to be performed (ought to be done, duty, must be performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, duty, obligation, must be performed

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

from √kṛ (to do, make) + -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'daivam' and 'pitryam'.

इति (iti) - marking the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this is what is called)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (the ultimate principle's) instruction (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the ultimate principle.

अनुशासनम् (anuśāsanam) - his teaching (instruction, command, teaching, discipline)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuśāsana

anuśāsana - instruction, command, teaching, discipline, governance

from anu-√śās (to instruct, command)

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)