महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-321, verse-31

नास्ति तस्मात्परोऽन्यो हि पिता देवोऽथ वा द्विजः ।
आत्मा हि नौ स विज्ञेयस्ततस्तं पूजयावहे ॥३१॥

31. nāsti tasmātparo'nyo hi pitā devo'tha vā dvijaḥ ,
ātmā hi nau sa vijñeyastatastaṁ pūjayāvahe.

31. na asti tasmāt paraḥ anyaḥ hi pitā devaḥ atha vā
dvijaḥ ātmā hi nau saḥ vijñeyaḥ tataḥ tam pūjayāvahe

31. hi tasmāt paraḥ anyaḥ pitā devaḥ atha vā dvijaḥ na
asti hi saḥ nau ātmā vijñeyaḥ tataḥ tam pūjayāvahe

31. Indeed, there is no other superior to that one—neither a father, nor a god, nor a Brahmin (dvija). Indeed, that one is to be known as the very self (ātman) of us two. Therefore, we two worship him.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - negation of existence (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - no other exists (is, exists)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - than him (referring to the principle worshipped in the previous verse) (from him, than that, therefore)

• परः (paraḥ) - superior to him (higher, superior, other, distant)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - no other (person or being) (other, different)

• हि (hi) - emphasizing the statement (indeed, for, because)

• पिता (pitā) - no father is superior (father)

• देवः (devaḥ) - no god is superior (god, deity)

• अथ (atha) - introducing an alternative (then, now, or)

• वा (vā) - connecting alternatives (or, either)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (due to veneration context) (twice-born)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the supreme self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

• हि (hi) - affirming the identity (indeed, for, because)

• नौ (nau) - of the two speaking beings (of us two, for us two)

• सः (saḥ) - referring to the ultimate principle (he, that)

• विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - he is to be understood as the self (ātman) (to be known, knowable, understandable)

• ततः (tataḥ) - concluding statement, 'therefore' (therefore, then, from that)

• तम् (tam) - referring to the ultimate principle to be worshipped (him, that)

• पूजयावहे (pūjayāvahe) - the speaker and one other entity worship him (we two worship, we two honor)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - negation of existence (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - no other exists (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present 3rd Person Singular

From √as (ādi class 2)

Root: as (class 2)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - than him (referring to the principle worshipped in the previous verse) (from him, than that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the principle (prakṛti/yonim) mentioned in the previous verse, here understood as masculine for the purpose of comparison.

परः (paraḥ) - superior to him (higher, superior, other, distant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - higher, superior, other, distant, supreme

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - no other (person or being) (other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

हि (hi) - emphasizing the statement (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

पिता (pitā) - no father is superior (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

देवः (devaḥ) - no god is superior (god, deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From √div (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

अथ (atha) - introducing an alternative (then, now, or)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - connecting alternatives (or, either)

(indeclinable)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (due to veneration context) (twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth, a snake)

from dvi (two) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  from √jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the supreme self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath

Root: an (class 2)

हि (hi) - affirming the identity (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

नौ (nau) - of the two speaking beings (of us two, for us two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

सः (saḥ) - referring to the ultimate principle (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the principle.

विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - he is to be understood as the self (ātman) (to be known, knowable, understandable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, knowable, understandable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

from vi-√jñā (to know, understand) + -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - concluding statement, 'therefore' (therefore, then, from that)

(indeclinable)

adverbial derivative of tad

तम् (tam) - referring to the ultimate principle to be worshipped (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the principle.

पूजयावहे (pūjayāvahe) - the speaker and one other entity worship him (we two worship, we two honor)

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of pūj

Present 1st Person Dual

Ātmanepada form (from root class 10, pūjayati, but used here in ātmanepada). The ending -āvahe indicates 1st person dual Atmanepada.

Root: pūj (class 10)