महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-321, verse-29

स ह्यन्तरात्मा भूतानां क्षेत्रज्ञश्चेति कथ्यते ।
त्रिगुणव्यतिरिक्तोऽसौ पुरुषश्चेति कल्पितः ।
तस्मादव्यक्तमुत्पन्नं त्रिगुणं द्विजसत्तम ॥२९॥

29. sa hyantarātmā bhūtānāṁ kṣetrajñaśceti kathyate ,
triguṇavyatirikto'sau puruṣaśceti kalpitaḥ ,
tasmādavyaktamutpannaṁ triguṇaṁ dvijasattama.

29. sa hi antara-ātman bhūtānām kṣetra-jñaḥ
ca iti kathyate tri-guṇa-vyatiriktaḥ
asau puruṣaḥ ca iti kalpitaḥ tasmāt
avyaktam utpannam tri-guṇam dvija-sattama

29. sa hi bhūtānām antara-ātman kṣetra-jñaḥ ca iti kathyate.
asau tri-guṇa-vyatiriktaḥ puruṣaḥ ca iti kalpitaḥ.
tasmāt dvija-sattama,
tri-guṇam avyaktam utpannam.

29. Indeed, he is called the indwelling self (ātman) of beings and the knower of the field. This one, beyond the three qualities (guṇa), is conceived as the cosmic person (puruṣa). From that, O best of the twice-born, the unmanifest (which is composed of the three qualities) is produced.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अन्तर-आत्मन् (antara-ātman) - inner self, indwelling spirit

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• क्षेत्र-ज्ञः (kṣetra-jñaḥ) - knower of the field, soul, spirit

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is called, is said

• त्रि-गुण-व्यतिरिक्तः (tri-guṇa-vyatiriktaḥ) - beyond the three constituent qualities (guṇa) of material nature (beyond the three qualities)

• असौ (asau) - he, this one

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, cosmic person, spirit

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• कल्पितः (kalpitaḥ) - conceived, considered, imagined

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (puruṣa) (from that, therefore)

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest primordial nature (prakṛti) (the unmanifest (nature))

• उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - produced, arisen

• त्रि-गुणम् (tri-guṇam) - consisting of the three constituent qualities (guṇa) of material nature (consisting of three qualities, having three qualities)

• द्विज-सत्तम (dvija-sattama) - O best of the twice-born, O best of Brahmins

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

अन्तर-आत्मन् (antara-ātman) - inner self, indwelling spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antara-ātman

antara-ātman - inner self, indwelling spirit, supreme soul (ātman)

Compound type : tatpurusha (antara+ātman)

• antara – inner, internal, intermediate, distinct
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, existing

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'bhū' (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

क्षेत्र-ज्ञः (kṣetra-jñaḥ) - knower of the field, soul, spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetra-jña

kṣetra-jña - knower of the field (body), soul, spirit, conscious principle

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, ground, region (often referring to the body)
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, knower, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Agent noun from root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kath

Root verb, 10th conjugation, passive voice, present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: kath (class 10)

त्रि-गुण-व्यतिरिक्तः (tri-guṇa-vyatiriktaḥ) - beyond the three constituent qualities (guṇa) of material nature (beyond the three qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tri-guṇa-vyatirikta

tri-guṇa-vyatirikta - beyond the three qualities (guṇa), separate from the three guṇas

Compound type : tatpurusha (tri-guṇa+vyatirikta)

• tri-guṇa – three qualities (guṇa: sattva, rajas, tamas)
  noun (masculine)
• vyatirikta – separate, distinct, excluded, beyond
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'ric' (to separate) with prefix 'vyati'.
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: ric (class 7)

असौ (asau) - he, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that one, he, she, it (more remote than 'tad')

Note: Nominative singular masculine of 'adas'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, cosmic person, spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

कल्पितः (kalpitaḥ) - conceived, considered, imagined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalpita

kalpita - conceived, imagined, considered, created, arranged

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'kḷp' (to arrange, to form).

Root: kḷp (class 10)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (puruṣa) (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'puruṣa'.

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest primordial nature (prakṛti) (the unmanifest (nature))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unperceived, imperceptible (often refers to primordial nature or prakṛti)

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix 'a' + past passive participle 'vyakta' (manifested, from 'vi-añc').

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: añc (class 1)

उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - produced, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utpanna

utpanna - produced, arisen, generated, born

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'pad' (to go) with prefix 'ut'.

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

त्रि-गुणम् (tri-guṇam) - consisting of the three constituent qualities (guṇa) of material nature (consisting of three qualities, having three qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tri-guṇa

tri-guṇa - three qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas), consisting of three strands/attributes

Compound type : dvigu (tri+guṇa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, strand, virtue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the 'avyaktam'.

द्विज-सत्तम (dvija-sattama) - O best of the twice-born, O best of Brahmins

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija-sattama

dvija-sattama - best among the twice-born (dvija), best among Brahmins

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya; also bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix 'tama' added to 'sat' (good, existing).

Note: Used in direct address.