महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-321, verse-12

तपसा तेजसा चैव दुर्निरीक्षौ सुरैरपि ।
यस्य प्रसादं कुर्वाते स देवौ द्रष्टुमर्हति ॥१२॥

12. tapasā tejasā caiva durnirīkṣau surairapi ,
yasya prasādaṁ kurvāte sa devau draṣṭumarhati.

12. tapasā tejasā ca eva durnirīkṣau suraiḥ api
yasya prasādam kurvāte saḥ devau draṣṭum arhati

12. tapasā tejasā ca eva suraiḥ api durnirīkṣau
yasya prasādam kurvāte saḥ devau draṣṭum arhati

12. By their severe spiritual practice (tapas) and spiritual radiance (tejas), they were difficult for even the gods to behold. Only he, to whom they grant their grace (prasāda), is able to see those two divine beings.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by their severe spiritual practice (tapas) (by austerity, through spiritual practice)

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by their spiritual radiance (tejas) (by radiance, by splendor, by power)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, only)

• दुर्निरीक्षौ (durnirīkṣau) - difficult to behold (for others) (difficult to behold, hard to look at)

• सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by gods (by gods, by divinities)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• यस्य (yasya) - to whom (dative sense, despite genitive form) (whose, of whom)

• प्रसादम् (prasādam) - grace (prasāda) (grace, favor, serenity)

• कुर्वाते (kurvāte) - they (Nārāyaṇa and Nara) grant/show (grace) (they do, they make, they perform, they show)

• सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he)

• देवौ (devau) - the two divine beings (Nārāyaṇa and Nara) (two gods, two divine beings)

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see (them) (to see, for seeing)

• अर्हति (arhati) - he is able (to see) (he is able, he is worthy, he deserves)

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by their severe spiritual practice (tapas) (by austerity, through spiritual practice)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual practice, heat

Note: Refers to the means by which they are hard to behold.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by their spiritual radiance (tejas) (by radiance, by splendor, by power)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - radiance, splendor, spiritual power, energy, light

Note: Refers to the means by which they are hard to behold.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

दुर्निरीक्षौ (durnirīkṣau) - difficult to behold (for others) (difficult to behold, hard to look at)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of durnirīkṣa

durnirīkṣa - difficult to see/behold

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (secondary suffix)

Prefix 'dur-' (difficult) + 'nir-' (out) + root 'īkṣ' (to see).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+nirīkṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  prefix
• nirīkṣa – seeing, looking at
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/derivative
  Derived from root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'nir'.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Nārāyaṇa and Nara).

सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by gods (by gods, by divinities)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Note: Indicates the agent of difficulty in beholding.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that even the gods found it difficult.

यस्य (yasya) - to whom (dative sense, despite genitive form) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Used in a dative sense here, indicating the recipient of grace.

प्रसादम् (prasādam) - grace (prasāda) (grace, favor, serenity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - grace, favor, serenity, clarity, tranquility

n-suffix (bhāva)

Derived from root 'sad' (to sit, settle) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurvāte'.

कुर्वाते (kurvāte) - they (Nārāyaṇa and Nara) grant/show (grace) (they do, they make, they perform, they show)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present tense, 3rd person dual, middle voice.

Root verb, 8th conjugation, ubhayapadī (here ātmanepada).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is Nārāyaṇa and Nara.

सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to the person to whom grace is granted.

देवौ (devau) - the two divine beings (Nārāyaṇa and Nara) (two gods, two divine beings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of 'draṣṭum' (to see).

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see (them) (to see, for seeing)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with 'arhati' to form 'is able to see'.

अर्हति (arhati) - he is able (to see) (he is able, he is worthy, he deserves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root verb, 1st conjugation, parasmaipada.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Governs the infinitive 'draṣṭum'.