महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-321, verse-2

कुतो ह्यस्य ध्रुवः स्वर्गः कुतो निःश्रेयसं परम् ।
विधिना केन जुहुयाद्दैवं पित्र्यं तथैव च ॥२॥

2. kuto hyasya dhruvaḥ svargaḥ kuto niḥśreyasaṁ param ,
vidhinā kena juhuyāddaivaṁ pitryaṁ tathaiva ca.

2. kutaḥ hi asya dhruvaḥ svargaḥ kutaḥ niḥśreyasam param
vidhinā kena juhuyāt daivam pitryam tathā eva ca

2. asya kutaḥ hi dhruvaḥ svargaḥ kutaḥ param niḥśreyasam
kena vidhinā daivam pitryam ca tathā eva juhuyāt

2. From whom, indeed, does this (person) obtain lasting heavenly bliss? From whom comes the supreme liberation (niḥśreyasa)? By what method should one perform Vedic fire rituals (homa) for the deities and also for the ancestors?

Words meanings summery:

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from whom (from where, from whom, why)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (person), his (of this, his, of him)

• ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ) - lasting, eternal (firm, fixed, constant, eternal, lasting)

• स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heavenly bliss (heaven, heavenly abode, celestial region, heavenly bliss)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from whom (from where, from whom, why)

• निःश्रेयसम् (niḥśreyasam) - ultimate liberation (ultimate good, liberation, salvation, supreme blessedness)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by what method (by rule, by method, by ordinance, by destiny)

• केन (kena) - by what (by what, by whom)

• जुहुयात् (juhuyāt) - one should perform a Vedic fire ritual (one should offer, one should sacrifice, one should perform a fire ritual)

• दैवम् (daivam) - an offering for the deities (related to deities, divine, a rite for deities, an offering to gods)

• पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - an offering for the ancestors (related to ancestors, paternal, ancestral, an offering to ancestors)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

• एव (eva) - also (emphasizing tathā) (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from whom (from where, from whom, why)

(indeclinable)

ablative of kim, used adverbially

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

particle

अस्य (asya) - of this (person), his (of this, his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Note: Refers to the implied questioner or any individual.

ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ) - lasting, eternal (firm, fixed, constant, eternal, lasting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhruva

dhruva - firm, fixed, constant, lasting, eternal

Note: Agrees with svargaḥ.

स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heavenly bliss (heaven, heavenly abode, celestial region, heavenly bliss)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, heavenly abode, celestial region, heavenly bliss

Note: Refers to the temporary reward of good deeds.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from whom (from where, from whom, why)

(indeclinable)

ablative of kim, used adverbially

निःश्रेयसम् (niḥśreyasam) - ultimate liberation (ultimate good, liberation, salvation, supreme blessedness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niḥśreyasa

niḥśreyasa - ultimate good, liberation, salvation, supreme blessedness

from niḥ + śreyas

Note: It is usually neuter.

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, distant

विधिना (vidhinā) - by what method (by rule, by method, by ordinance, by destiny)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, ordinance, injunction, destiny

from root dhā with vi

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

केन (kena) - by what (by what, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Agrees with vidhinā.

जुहुयात् (juhuyāt) - one should perform a Vedic fire ritual (one should offer, one should sacrifice, one should perform a fire ritual)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of juhuyāt

optative mood, 3rd person singular

from root hu (to offer, sacrifice)

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Refers to performing homa.

दैवम् (daivam) - an offering for the deities (related to deities, divine, a rite for deities, an offering to gods)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, relating to gods, fate, an offering to the gods

derived from deva (god)

पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - an offering for the ancestors (related to ancestors, paternal, ancestral, an offering to ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitrya

pitrya - ancestral, paternal, relating to ancestors, an offering to the ancestors

derived from pitṛ (father, ancestor)

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

(indeclinable)

adverbial particle

एव (eva) - also (emphasizing tathā) (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

particle

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

particle