महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-287, verse-43

सर्वः स्वानि शुभाशुभानि नियतं कर्माणि जन्तुः स्वयं गर्भात्संप्रतिपद्यते तदुभयं यत्तेन पूर्वं कृतम् ।
मृत्युश्चापरिहारवान्समगतिः कालेन विच्छेदिता दारोश्चूर्णमिवाश्मसारविहितं कर्मान्तिकं प्रापयेत् ॥४३॥

43. sarvaḥ svāni śubhāśubhāni niyataṁ karmāṇi jantuḥ svayaṁ; garbhātsaṁpratipadyate tadubhayaṁ yattena pūrvaṁ kṛtam ,
mṛtyuścāparihāravānsamagatiḥ kālena viccheditā; dāroścūrṇamivāśmasāravihitaṁ karmāntikaṁ prāpayet.

43. sarvaḥ svāni śubhāśubhāni niyatam karmāṇi jantuḥ svayam
garbhāt saṃpratipadyate tat ubhayam yat tena pūrvam
kṛtam mṛtyuḥ ca aparihāravān samagatiḥ kālena viccheditā
dāroḥ ca cūrṇam iva aśmasāravihitam karmāntikam prāpayet

43. sarvaḥ jantuḥ svayam garbhāt svāni śubhāśubhāni karmāṇi niyatam saṃpratipadyate,
yat tat ubhayam tena pūrvam kṛtam.
mṛtyuḥ ca aparihāravān samagatiḥ [gatiḥ] kālena viccheditā [jantum] aśmasāravihitam dāroḥ cūrṇam iva karmāntikam prāpayet.

43. Every living being (jantu) invariably receives from birth the results of its own good and bad actions (karma), both that which was previously performed by it. And Death, which is unavoidable and impartial, when a being's life-span is severed by time, leads it to the final culmination of its actions (karmāntika), which is as unyielding as wood powder made hard like stone.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every (all, every, whole)

• स्वानि (svāni) - its own (one's own, personal)

• शुभाशुभानि (śubhāśubhāni) - good and bad (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

• नियतम् (niyatam) - invariably (fixed, determined, inevitable, certainly)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, results of actions, ritual acts)

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - living being (jantu) (living being, creature, man, animal)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself (oneself, personally, by oneself)

• गर्भात् (garbhāt) - from birth (from the womb, from conception)

• संप्रतिपद्यते (saṁpratipadyate) - acquires, receives (obtains, acquires, experiences, comes to know)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, it)

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (good and bad) (both)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

• तेन (tena) - by it (the living being) (by him, by that)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (previously, before, formerly)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - Death (death, Yama (god of death))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपरिहारवान् (aparihāravān) - unavoidable (unavoidable, inescapable)

• समगतिः (samagatiḥ) - impartial (having uniform course, impartial, moving equally)

• कालेन (kālena) - by time (by time, in course of time)

• विच्छेदिता (viccheditā) - severed (life-span or connection) (cut off, severed, interrupted)

• दारोः (dāroḥ) - of wood (of wood, of timber)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चूर्णम् (cūrṇam) - powder, dust

• इव (iva) - as (like, as, as it were)

• अश्मसारविहितम् (aśmasāravihitam) - made hard like stone (made of stone, stone-hard)

• कर्मान्तिकम् (karmāntikam) - end of an action, final result of karma

• प्रापयेत् (prāpayet) - leads to, causes one to attain (should cause to attain, should make one reach, leads to)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every (all, every, whole)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies `jantuḥ`.

स्वानि (svāni) - its own (one's own, personal)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sva

sva - one's own, personal, property, kinsman

Note: Qualifies `karmāṇi`.

शुभाशुभानि (śubhāśubhāni) - good and bad (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śubhāśubha

śubhāśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – good, auspicious, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: śubh (class 1)
• aśubha – bad, inauspicious, unlucky
  adjective (neuter)
  negative prefix a-
  Prefix: a

Note: Qualifies `karmāṇi`.

नियतम् (niyatam) - invariably (fixed, determined, inevitable, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

from ni-yam (to restrain, fix) + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, results of actions, ritual acts)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual act, consequence of action, fate

from root kṛ (to do) + man (suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `saṃpratipadyate`.

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - living being (jantu) (living being, creature, man, animal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, man, animal, person

from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of `saṃpratipadyate`.

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself (oneself, personally, by oneself)

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of sva

Note: Emphasizes `jantuḥ`.

गर्भात् (garbhāt) - from birth (from the womb, from conception)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - womb, embryo, fetus, interior, child, core

Root: gṛbh (class 9)

Note: Indicates origin.

संप्रतिपद्यते (saṁpratipadyate) - acquires, receives (obtains, acquires, experiences, comes to know)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of saṃpratipad

from sam-prati-pad (to go towards, obtain)

Prefixes: sam+prati

Root: pad (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `ubhayam`.

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (good and bad) (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, two

Note: Refers to the good and bad karma.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `ubhayam karmāṇi`.

तेन (tena) - by it (the living being) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agent for `kṛtam`.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (previously, before, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, deed, benefit

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ (to do) + kta

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - Death (death, Yama (god of death))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, Yama (god of death)

from root mṛ (to die) + tyu (suffix)

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second sentence.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

Note: Connects the two main clauses.

अपरिहारवान् (aparihāravān) - unavoidable (unavoidable, inescapable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparihāravat

aparihāravat - unavoidable, inescapable

from a-pari-hāra (not to be abandoned) + matup (possessive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+parihāra+vat)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• parihāra – avoidance, evasion, abandonment
  noun (masculine)
  from pari-hṛ (to avoid)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• vat – having, possessing, like
  suffix
  possessive suffix

Note: Qualifies `mṛtyuḥ`.

समगतिः (samagatiḥ) - impartial (having uniform course, impartial, moving equally)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samagati

samagati - having uniform course, impartial, moving equally (as an adjective); uniform course, equality in movement (as a noun)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sama+gati)

• sama – equal, even, same, impartial
  adjective (masculine)
• gati – going, motion, course, fate, condition
  noun (feminine)
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `mṛtyuḥ`.

कालेन (kālena) - by time (by time, in course of time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Agent of `viccheditā`.

विच्छेदिता (viccheditā) - severed (life-span or connection) (cut off, severed, interrupted)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vicchedita

vicchedita - cut off, severed, interrupted, divided

Past Passive Participle

from vi-chid (to cut off) + kta

Prefix: vi

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: In agreement with an implied feminine noun (e.g., `gatiḥ` for the course of life).

दारोः (dāroḥ) - of wood (of wood, of timber)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dāru

dāru - wood, timber, tree

Note: Possessive, modifies `cūrṇam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

Note: Connects the two main clauses.

चूर्णम् (cūrṇam) - powder, dust

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cūrṇa

cūrṇa - powder, dust, crushed, pounded

from root cūrṇ (to crush)

Root: cūrṇ (class 10)

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - as (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

अश्मसारविहितम् (aśmasāravihitam) - made hard like stone (made of stone, stone-hard)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśmasāravihita

aśmasāravihita - made of stone essence, made hard as stone

Past Passive Participle

bahuvrihi compound describing `karmāntika`

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśman+sāra+vihita)

• aśman – stone, rock
  noun (masculine)
• sāra – essence, core, strength, hard, firm
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• vihita – made, performed, arranged, fixed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vi-dhā (to arrange, make) + kta
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `karmāntikam`.

कर्मान्तिकम् (karmāntikam) - end of an action, final result of karma

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karmāntika

karmāntika - the end of an action, the final result of karma, culmination of work

from karma + antika (end, vicinity)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+antika)

• karma – action, deed, consequence of action
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• antika – end, vicinity, ultimate
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Object of `prāpayet`.

प्रापयेत् (prāpayet) - leads to, causes one to attain (should cause to attain, should make one reach, leads to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prāp

Causative Optative

from pra-āp (to reach) + causative suffix + optative ending

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject is `mṛtyuḥ`.