महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-287, verse-20

यथा मृणालोऽनुगतमाशु मुञ्चति कर्दमम् ।
तथात्मा पुरुषस्येह मनसा परिमुच्यते ।
मनः प्रणयतेऽऽत्मानं स एनमभियुञ्जति ॥२०॥

20. yathā mṛṇālo'nugatamāśu muñcati kardamam ,
tathātmā puruṣasyeha manasā parimucyate ,
manaḥ praṇayate''tmānaṁ sa enamabhiyuñjati.

20. yathā mṛṇālaḥ anugatam āśu muñcati
kardamam tathā ātmā puruṣasya
iha manasā parimucyate manaḥ
praṇayate ātmānam sa enam abhiyuñjati

20. yathā mṛṇālaḥ anugatam kardamam
āśu muñcati tathā iha puruṣasya ātmā
manasā parimucyate manaḥ ātmānam
praṇayate saḥ enam abhiyuñjati

20. Just as a lotus stalk quickly sheds the mud clinging to it, so too, in this world, a person's individual self (ātman) is freed by the mind. The mind directs the individual self (ātman), and it (the mind) controls it.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• मृणालः (mṛṇālaḥ) - lotus stalk, lotus fibre

• अनुगतम् (anugatam) - clinging to (the lotus stalk) (clinging to, followed, attached)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• मुञ्चति (muñcati) - releases, frees, sheds

• कर्दमम् (kardamam) - mud, dirt

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• आत्मा (ātmā) - individual self, soul, spirit

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person, of a human being

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

• परिमुच्यते (parimucyate) - is released, is freed

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind

• प्रणयते (praṇayate) - leads, directs, guides

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the individual self, the soul

• स (sa) - he, that (masculine nominative singular)

• एनम् (enam) - him, this one (masculine accusative singular)

• अभियुञ्जति (abhiyuñjati) - controls, employs, applies

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

मृणालः (mṛṇālaḥ) - lotus stalk, lotus fibre

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛṇāla

mṛṇāla - lotus stalk, lotus fibre

Root: mṛṇ

अनुगतम् (anugatam) - clinging to (the lotus stalk) (clinging to, followed, attached)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anugata

anugata - followed, gone after, clinging to

Past Passive Participle

derived from root gam with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kardamam.

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

can be adjective or adverb. Here used as an adverb

Root: aś (class 5)

मुञ्चति (muñcati) - releases, frees, sheds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of muc

Present Tense

Active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: muc (class 6)

कर्दमम् (kardamam) - mud, dirt

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kardama

kardama - mud, mire

Root: kṛd

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

आत्मा (ātmā) - individual self, soul, spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit

nominative singular of ātman

Root: an (class 2)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person, of a human being

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit

Root: pṛ

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart

Root: man (class 4)

परिमुच्यते (parimucyate) - is released, is freed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

Present Tense

Passive voice, 3rd person singular, with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: muc (class 6)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart

nominative singular of manas

Root: man (class 4)

प्रणयते (praṇayate) - leads, directs, guides

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nī

Present Tense

Middle voice, 3rd person singular, with prefix pra. Retroflexion of n to ṇ occurs due to pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: nī (class 1)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the individual self, the soul

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit

accusative singular of ātman

Root: an (class 2)

स (sa) - he, that (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

masculine nominative singular of tad

Note: Refers to manaḥ (mind), which is neuter but often treated as a masculine agent here.

एनम् (enam) - him, this one (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, him

masculine accusative singular of enad

Note: Refers to ātmānam.

अभियुञ्जति (abhiyuñjati) - controls, employs, applies

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yuj

Present Tense

Active voice, 3rd person singular, with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: yuj (class 7)