महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-284, verse-8

स जानन्नपि चाकार्यमर्थार्थं सेवते नरः ।
बालस्नेहपरीतात्मा तत्क्षयाच्चानुतप्यते ॥८॥

8. sa jānannapi cākāryamarthārthaṁ sevate naraḥ ,
bālasnehaparītātmā tatkṣayāccānutapyate.

8. sa jānan api ca akāryam arthārtham sevate naraḥ
bālasnehaparītātmā tatkṣayāt ca anutapyate

8. naraḥ bālasnehaparītātmā sa akāryam api jānan
arthārtham ca sevate tatkṣayāt ca anutapyate

8. A man, even knowing an action to be improper, engages in it for the sake of material gain, his mind (ātman) being overcome by affection for his children. And when that (wealth) is lost, he suffers remorse.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (the man previously mentioned) (he, that)

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing (that the action is improper) (knowing, aware)

• अपि (api) - even (knowing) (even, also, too, despite)

• च (ca) - and (connects the two actions or states) (and, also)

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - an improper action (improper action, wrong deed, not to be done)

• अर्थार्थम् (arthārtham) - for the sake of material gain (for the sake of wealth, for profit, for an object/purpose)

• सेवते (sevate) - he engages in (he serves, he attends, he practices, he indulges)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man (man, person)

• बालस्नेहपरीतात्मा (bālasnehaparītātmā) - his mind (ātman) being overcome by affection for his children (whose mind is enveloped by affection for children)

• तत्क्षयात् (tatkṣayāt) - from the loss of that (wealth) (from its destruction/loss, from the decay of that)

• च (ca) - and (connects the two clauses) (and, also)

• अनुतप्यते (anutapyate) - he suffers remorse (he regrets, he feels remorse, he suffers)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (the man previously mentioned) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the man.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing (that the action is improper) (knowing, aware)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñā

jñā - to know, perceive, understand

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Present active participle of root jñā (9th class). Declines like a noun/adjective.

अपि (api) - even (knowing) (even, also, too, despite)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (connects the two actions or states) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - an improper action (improper action, wrong deed, not to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - not to be done, improper, wrong action

Gerundive/N-verb

From 'kārya' (to be done) with negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kārya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'sevate'.

अर्थार्थम् (arthārtham) - for the sake of material gain (for the sake of wealth, for profit, for an object/purpose)

(indeclinable)

Formed from artha (wealth/purpose) and artha (sake/purpose). Can be considered an adverbial compound or a dvandva compound used adverbially.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (artha+artha)

• artha – wealth, purpose, object, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

सेवते (sevate) - he engages in (he serves, he attends, he practices, he indulges)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of sev

Root: sev (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - a man (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, hero

Note: Subject of 'sevate' and 'anutapyate'.

बालस्नेहपरीतात्मा (bālasnehaparītātmā) - his mind (ātman) being overcome by affection for his children (whose mind is enveloped by affection for children)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bālasnehaparītātman

bālasnehaparītātman - one whose self/mind is enveloped/overcome by affection for children

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāla+sneha+parīta+ātman)

• bāla – child, young, infant
  noun (masculine)
• sneha – affection, love, tenderness, oil
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – enveloped, surrounded, overcome
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'pari'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, mind, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective describing 'naraḥ'.

तत्क्षयात् (tatkṣayāt) - from the loss of that (wealth) (from its destruction/loss, from the decay of that)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tatkṣaya

tatkṣaya - loss/destruction of that

Tatpurusha compound: 'tat' (that) + 'kṣaya' (loss/destruction).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+kṣaya)

• tad – that, its
  pronoun (neuter)
• kṣaya – loss, destruction, decay, diminution
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi (to destroy, to wane).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or origin of remorse.

च (ca) - and (connects the two clauses) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अनुतप्यते (anutapyate) - he suffers remorse (he regrets, he feels remorse, he suffers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of anutap

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)