महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-284, verse-4

एवं तस्य प्रवृत्तस्य नित्यमेवानुपश्यतः ।
रागद्वेषौ विवर्धेते ह्यनित्यत्वमपश्यतः ॥४॥

4. evaṁ tasya pravṛttasya nityamevānupaśyataḥ ,
rāgadveṣau vivardhete hyanityatvamapaśyataḥ.

4. evam tasya pravṛttasya nityam eva anupaśyataḥ
rāgadveṣau vivardhete hi anityatvam apaśyataḥ

4. evam pravṛttasya nityam anupaśyataḥ tasya
anityatvam apaśyataḥ hi rāgadveṣau vivardhete

4. Thus, for a person who is engaged in worldly affairs and constantly observes things without perceiving their impermanence, both attachment and aversion inevitably grow.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

• प्रवृत्तस्य (pravṛttasya) - of one who is engaged, of one who has entered, of one who has begun

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

• अनुपश्यतः (anupaśyataḥ) - of one observing, of one seeing

• रागद्वेषौ (rāgadveṣau) - attachment and aversion

• विवर्धेते (vivardhete) - they grow, they increase

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

• अनित्यत्वम् (anityatvam) - impermanence, transience

• अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of one not seeing, of one not perceiving

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular of 'tad', referring to a masculine person implied by context.

प्रवृत्तस्य (pravṛttasya) - of one who is engaged, of one who has entered, of one who has begun

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - engaged, started, begun, come forth, active

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' with upasarga 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

अनुपश्यतः (anupaśyataḥ) - of one observing, of one seeing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anupaśyat

anupaśyat - observing, seeing, perceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with upasarga 'anu-', in its 'paśya' stem.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 4)

रागद्वेषौ (rāgadveṣau) - attachment and aversion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rāgadveṣa

rāgadveṣa - attachment and aversion, liking and disliking

Compound type : dvandva (rāga+dveṣa)

• rāga – attachment, affection, color, passion
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rañj' (to color, dye).
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• dveṣa – aversion, hatred, dislike
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dviṣ' (to hate).
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'vivardhete'.

विवर्धेते (vivardhete) - they grow, they increase

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, present (lat) of vṛdh

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dual subject 'rāgadveṣau'.

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

(indeclinable)

अनित्यत्वम् (anityatvam) - impermanence, transience

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anityatva

anityatva - impermanence, transience, non-eternality

Derived from 'anitya' (not eternal) with suffix '-tva' forming an abstract noun.

Compound type : tatpurusha (anitya+tva)

• anitya – impermanent, transient, not eternal
  adjective
  Negation of 'nitya' (eternal).
  Prefix: a
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns, -ness, -hood
  indeclinable (neuter)
  Abstract noun suffix.

Note: Object of 'apaśyataḥ'.

अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of one not seeing, of one not perceiving

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, unperceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with upasarga 'a-' (negation), in its 'paśya' stem.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+paśyat)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• paśyat – seeing, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'dṛś' (to see) in its 'paśya' stem.
  Root: dṛś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya'.